Anonymous 发表于 2016-3-13 09:56:41

厉以宁谈2016年的我国宏观经济形势

<h2 class="rich_media_title" id="activity-name" style="margin-bottom: 14px; padding-bottom: 10px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.4; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 235); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体, SimHei; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">中国经济势头正在变好</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: center; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-size: 18px; font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai; box-sizing: border-box !important;">厉以宁</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-indent: 28px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">国家统计局最新公布的数据显示,</span>2015<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">年中国</span>GDP<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">同比增长</span>6.9%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。这是</span>1990<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">年以来中国全年</span>GDP<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">增速首次跌破</span>7%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">,达到了国务院总理李克强在去年两会作政府工作报告时定下的“</span>7%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">左右”的经济增速目标。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  对此,著名经济学家、北京大学光华管理学院名誉院长厉以宁日前接受中国证券报记者采访时表示,中国经济势头正在变好,今年会比去年好。因为新的人口红利正在形成,且数量也是惊人的。预计中国经济增速将进一步从</span>7%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">下降至</span>6.5%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">,直到以后长期保持</span>5%-6%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">就行了。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  他强调,<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: red; box-sizing: border-box !important;">供给侧改革的重点是加大对短板行业的投资。短板行业如果不加强投资,则创新无从谈起,政策层面应该为创新者提供帮助,比如税收减免、提供空间等。但是,供给侧调控不可能短期就见效,结构调整是一个很长的过程,短板行业要扶植起来,产能过剩行业关停并转。</span></strong>在此过程中,一定要防止两点:一是防止失业,二是防止通货膨胀,只要这两个指标都不突破可调控范围,即使增长速度慢一点,也属于稳扎稳打。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  他提出,在新一轮国企改革中,可以在处于竞争性行业的国企建立职业经理人制度,积极发展职业经理人市场,才能适应第三产业的进一步发展、适应制造业的进一步发展。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="135editor" data-id="9" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" placeholder="请输入标题" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 45%; border-top-right-radius: 45%; border-bottom-right-radius: 45%; border-bottom-left-radius: 45%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(244, 156, 4);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">新常态下中高速增长 新人口红利正在形成</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 8px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); min-height: 32px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="autonum" placeholder="1" data-original-title="" title="" style="margin-right: 8px; padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">1</span><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">中国证券报:2016年是中国“十三五”的开局之年,在经济增速逐步放缓之后,今年的宏观经济形势如何?</strong></h2><h2 class="rich_media_title" style="margin-bottom: 14px; padding-bottom: 10px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.4; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 235); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><section class="135editor" data-id="33" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  <strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">厉以宁</strong>:中国经济没有什么大问题,我认为势头正在变好,今年会比去年好。目前遇到的问题不是一朝一夕造成的,需要通过改革来改变,而改革必须慢慢来,必须经历一个较长的过程。因为我们要结构调整、要改变发展方式、要大力培养新的专业人才、熟练技工,这都要经历较长的过程,不是短期内能够完成的。另外,我们还需要创新,包括体制的创新、管理的创新、营销方式的创新、科技的创新等,同样需要一个过程。但是,只要我们在这个方向上坚定不移地往前走,保持新常态下的中高速增长,经济增长能够重在质量、重在效率,我相信经济会逐步地、稳定地上来。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  而要适应新常态,大力发展第三产业尤为重要。人类的发展分为三个阶段。<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;"></span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="135editor" data-id="141" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><p style="padding: 8px 30px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1.5em; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(116, 185, 11); border-color: rgb(229, 243, 208); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgb(230, 249, 202), rgb(207, 233, 167)); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 220);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 第一阶段:农业社会。农业社会就是第一产业,农业它在GDP中占的比重是最大的,就业人数是最多的。</span></p><p style="padding: 8px 30px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1.5em; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(116, 185, 11); border-color: rgb(229, 243, 208); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgb(230, 249, 202), rgb(207, 233, 167)); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 220);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;第二阶段:工业化阶段。第二产业占了主要地位,而且占GDP比重最大。</span></p><p style="padding: 8px 30px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1.5em; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(116, 185, 11); border-color: rgb(229, 243, 208); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgb(230, 249, 202), rgb(207, 233, 167)); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 220);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;第三阶段:后工业化阶段。后工业化阶段的特点是第三产业占了重要位置。</span></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;"></span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 在发达的西方国家中,第三产业产值的比重占</span>GDP<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">的</span>60%-70%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">,甚至</span>70%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">以上,而中国目前第三产业的产值超过了</span>51%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">,但与西方发达国家相比仍有一段距离要走。过去中国经济维持着较高增速增长的原因是处于第二产业,工业化发展阶段,而目前中国正面临工业化阶段向后工业化阶段过渡。因此,经济增速将进一步从</span>7%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">下降至</span>6.5%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">,直到以后长期保持</span>5%-6%<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">就行了。</span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 8px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); min-height: 32px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="autonum" placeholder="1" data-original-title="" title="" style="margin-right: 8px; padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">2</span><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">中国证券报:有观点认为,人口红利支撑了中国过去30多年来的经济高速增长,而现在中国的人口红利正在走向终结。您如何看待这个问题,接下来中国经济的增长点又在哪里?</strong></h2><h2 class="rich_media_title" style="margin-bottom: 14px; padding-bottom: 10px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.4; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 235); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><section class="135editor" data-id="33" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  厉以宁</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">:有人认为中国的人口红利已经用完了,这句话不准确。旧的人口红利的确是在消耗过程中,现在劳动力不好找,劳动力成本在上升是因为物价在上升,甚至有经济学家预言,十年之后找不到保姆了。但要知道,新的人口红利正在形成。未来,我们不仅会有新的红利,而且中国的人口多,新人口红利数量也是惊人的。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  新人口红利有三个来源:<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;"></span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="135editor" data-id="52" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section style="padding: 12px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 45, 207); min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(207, 217, 255), rgb(158, 179, 253), rgb(207, 217, 255)); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 240);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;一是今天有大量的创业、创新者,他们将成为中国的新人口红利,上千万人在创新创业,其中百分之一、千分之一能成为大的企业家,这就能对中国经济产生重大的影响;</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;二是大量职业技术学校、学院毕业的学生,他们在工作中能发挥自己的专长,将来也有可能进一步提升为熟练技师;</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: inherit; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;三是农民,现在很多地方的农民开始学习家庭农场的思路。农民学技术、学管理,这是西方农业发展的结果,也是中国未来要走的路。</span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;"></span></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  还有一点要注意到:就是蓝领、白领工人的界限正在逐步消失,可能十年、二十年以后就没有了。比如,环卫工人坐在计算机边上操作,过去凭体力去扫马路、清垃圾的状况,现在变成了计算机指挥,运用机械设备去做。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 8px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); min-height: 32px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="autonum" placeholder="1" data-original-title="" title="" style="margin-right: 8px; padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">3</span><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">中国证券报:新常态下的宏观调控应如何把握?</strong></h2><h2 class="rich_media_title" style="margin-bottom: 14px; padding-bottom: 10px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.4; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 235); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><section class="135editor" data-id="33" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  厉以宁</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">:我们应该认识到,适应新常态就要适应结构的不断调整,经济方式的逐步转变,这一定要由市场规律来决定。经济要走市场化的道路,宏观经济调控也必须存在,这两个不矛盾,主要是方式要转变。今后宏观调控的方式要和政府的作用结合起来,政府的第一个作用是执法,依法治国。第二个是保持经济基本稳定。另外,政府的宏观调控在某种程度上起到引领的作用、规划的作用,因此,我们对宏观调控的学习应该是经常性的。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  除非在紧急情况下,一般不要采取过大的调控措施。宏观调控今后应注重微调、预调、定向调。微调就是做轻度的调整;预调是发现问题即将来临,预先采取一些防治措施;定向调就是结构性调整,不是大水漫灌,而是有的放矢,有什么问题就解决什么问题。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="135editor" data-id="9" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" placeholder="请输入标题" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 45%; border-top-right-radius: 45%; border-bottom-right-radius: 45%; border-bottom-left-radius: 45%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(244, 156, 4);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">供给侧调控是中期调控 重点加大短板行业投资</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 8px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); min-height: 32px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="autonum" placeholder="1" data-original-title="" title="" style="margin-right: 8px; padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">4</span><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">中国证券报:中央经济工作会议明确提出,今年及今后一个时期,要在适度扩大总需求的同时,着力加强供给侧结构性改革。供给侧改革的发力点在哪里?</strong></h2><h2 class="rich_media_title" style="margin-bottom: 14px; padding-bottom: 10px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.4; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 235); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><section class="135editor" data-id="33" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  厉以宁</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">:经济运行当中经常考虑供需平衡问题,可以从需求方面调控,也可以从供给方面调控。我们过去强调需求调控为主,现在供给侧和需求侧两个方面的调控要并重,不过在调整过程中一定要注意双方的互动。两侧都发力,这属于一个中期和短期、近期调控的配合,中国需要过这一关。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  从需求侧调控是短期可以做到的,主要通过增加财政收入、货币贷款刺激需求,或者用减少财政收入和减少信贷来抑制需求;而供给侧调控是中期调控,不是短期就可以见效的。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-indent: 28px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">调供给主要涉及的问题就是结构调整,而结构调整一般有四个方面:</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-indent: 28px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="135editor" data-id="141" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><p style="padding: 8px 30px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1.5em; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(116, 185, 11); border-color: rgb(229, 243, 208); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgb(230, 249, 202), rgb(207, 233, 167)); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 220);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 第一个调整是产业结构的调整。有一些产业已经落伍了、停滞了,但它们还在消耗原材料、消耗能源。如果不进行调整的话,供给方面的乏力是很难解决的。</span></p><p style="padding: 8px 30px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1.5em; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(116, 185, 11); border-color: rgb(229, 243, 208); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgb(230, 249, 202), rgb(207, 233, 167)); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 220);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 第二个调整是区域经济的调整。区域经济的格局是多年形成的,一定是其中某些方面不利于未来经济的发展,或是贫富差距扩大影响了消费,所以区域方面的调整是中期的任务。</span></p><p style="padding: 8px 30px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1.5em; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(116, 185, 11); border-color: rgb(229, 243, 208); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgb(230, 249, 202), rgb(207, 233, 167)); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 220);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 第三个调整是技术结构的调整。因为每个国家的技术结构是不一样的,比如先进的居少数、中间状态的多,还有一些落后的,为了维持社会的稳定、不能让更多人失业,也就保存下来了,这种技术结构的调整是必要的。</span></p><p style="padding: 8px 30px; max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1.5em; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(116, 185, 11); border-color: rgb(229, 243, 208); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgb(230, 249, 202), rgb(207, 233, 167)); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 220);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; 第四个调整是资本结构的调整。人类资本结构的调整,原本是没有注意到的,后来逐渐受到重视。每个国家的劳动力情况是随着时代的发展而有所变化的,以前是着重在低成本的劳动力,现在必须有新的劳动力,所以供给方面的调整归根到底就是结构调整。</span></p><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-indent: 28px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  供给侧改革的重点是加大对短板行业的投资。短板行业如果不加强投资,创新则无从谈起。而创新是需要不断实验的,在实验过程中面临各种困难和失败,所以政策层面应该在这个过程中为创新者提供帮助,比如税收减免、提供空间等,这对中国来说是供给侧改革的重要发力点。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-indent: 28px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">值得注意的是,在现有的基础上,供给侧改革还面临三个不足:</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-indent: 28px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;">第一,资本不足。供给侧调控要建新工厂、建高铁、高速公路、港口等,这些都需要大量资金,如何筹集是个大问题。第二,公共设施不足。物流、资源开发、土地利用这些都很紧张。第三,熟练工人、技术人才、专业人才不足,这个问题也需要解决,但是短期可能很难解决。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  另外,供给侧发力也存在难点:若抑制供给,比如关停产能过剩、消耗能源资源过多的企业,会面对安置失业工人、处理闲置厂房等困难;若增加供给,尤其是盲目扩张产能可能会使停产企业由于重新得到贷款又恢复运行,使国内经济结构更加不合理。为了化解产能过剩,我们要关注四点:一是让产品个性化,二是让服务人性化,三是把品牌打到国外,四是把消费留在国内。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="135editor" data-id="9" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" placeholder="请输入标题" style="margin-top: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; padding: 10px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 24px; font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-left-radius: 45%; border-top-right-radius: 45%; border-bottom-right-radius: 45%; border-bottom-left-radius: 45%; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(244, 156, 4);"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">新一轮国企改革正当时 可试点职业经理人制度</span></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 8px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); min-height: 32px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="autonum" placeholder="1" data-original-title="" title="" style="margin-right: 8px; padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">5</span><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">中国证券报:新一轮国企改革已经有了顶层设计方案,提出国企分类并鼓励选聘职业经理人,采取市场化薪酬。具体应该如何在实践中落实?</strong></h2><h2 class="rich_media_title" style="margin-bottom: 14px; padding-bottom: 10px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.4; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 235); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><section class="135editor" data-id="33" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-indent: 28px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">厉以宁</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">:国有企业转型、改革分两个层次。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-indent: 28px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="135editor" data-id="52" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section style="padding: 12px 15px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 45, 207); min-height: 1em; text-align: justify; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgb(207, 217, 255), rgb(158, 179, 253), rgb(207, 217, 255)); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 240);"><section class="135brush" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;第一个层次就是国有资本的管理,国有资本的管理专门成立国有资本的基金公司也好、投资公司也好、运行公司也好。高层只管资本怎么运行,目的是提高资源配置效率。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">  第二个层次的改革是让国有企业独立经营。根据投资情况组成董事会,因为行业不同,国家控股的比例不一样。你是我的投资者,你派董事组成董事会,以后服从董事会的决议。要有健全的法人治理结构,董事会要起作用,还要有职业经理人。</span></p></section></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-indent: 28px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  在新一轮国企改革中,可以在处于竞争性行业的国企中建立职业经理人制度,而这就需要从民营经济中选择国有企业的经理人。现在国外已经有现成的例子,比如,法国的国企就可以选民营企业家担任高管,对法国的国企管理起到了积极的推进作用。当然,在国企中选聘职业经理人,要将竞争性行业和非竞争性行业区别开,因为非竞争性行业有其特殊性。如果是竞争性国企,完全可以由董事会在市场上选聘合适的、懂业务的、能够认真负责的人来做总经理。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  需要明确的是,不管是从民营企业家队伍里选聘国企高管,还是在国企内部选聘,一定要取消国企高管的行政级别。因为行政级别实际上妨碍了选拔有用的、有责任感的人才来从事混合所有制国企的管理。在职业经理人的选聘中,对于愿意辞去自己现在的国企高管职务,同时也放弃行政级别,再通过竞争,走上新的国企高管职位的,应该予以充分的鼓励。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> </span></strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></h2><h2 style="margin-top: 8px; font-size: 16px; max-width: 100%; line-height: 28px; color: rgb(0, 112, 192); min-height: 32px; border-bottom-width: 2px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(0, 112, 192); text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span class="autonum" placeholder="1" data-original-title="" title="" style="margin-right: 8px; padding: 4px 10px; max-width: 100%; border-top-left-radius: 80%; border-top-right-radius: 100%; border-bottom-right-radius: 90%; border-bottom-left-radius: 20%; color: rgb(255, 255, 255); display: block; float: left; line-height: 20px; box-sizing: border-box !important; background-color: rgb(0, 112, 192);">6</span><strong class="135brush" data-brushtype="text" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">中国证券报:中国应如何建立职业经理人制度?</strong></h2><h2 class="rich_media_title" style="margin-bottom: 14px; padding-bottom: 10px; font-weight: 400; font-size: 24px; line-height: 1.4; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(231, 231, 235); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: 'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, 'Hiragino Sans GB', 'Microsoft YaHei', Arial, sans-serif;"><section class="135editor" data-id="33" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> <strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"> 厉以宁</strong>:我认为,中国的职业经理人制度是可以试点的。试点总结经验,慢慢走向成熟,要循序渐进,但是规则一定要有,规则大家都得服从,职业经理人是聘任制、责任制、任期制。职业经理人制度是慢慢在西方推广开的,这个经验对我们的民营企业而言也是值得借鉴的,中国的民营企业同样需要转型。我在广东调查民营企业时发现,有的企业家感到企业的产权不清。未来民营企业的转型必须产权清楚,因为转型的矛盾往往就出在家属、成员争夺产权,这样的企业搞不好。所以,最后还是需要通过职业经理人制度来解决。职业经理人可以经过考察、推荐、试用,最后职业经理人转化为合股人,企业就延续下去了。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  职业经理人不可能像一般的工作者一样拿着自己的简历到处上门,中国现在最缺的就是职业经理人市场,这样就能适应第三产业的进一步发展,也适应制造业的进一步发展。我们一定要为职业经理人市场做准备,这需要三个条件:</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><section class="135editor" data-id="141" style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; border: 0px none;"><section class="135brush" placeholder="上下渐变格式内容" style="padding: 8px 30px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; min-height: 1.5em; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 2em; color: rgb(116, 185, 11); border-color: rgb(229, 243, 208); background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgb(230, 249, 202), rgb(207, 233, 167)); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 220);"><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; 第一,所有愿意担任职业经理人的现有国有企业高管人员辞去自己的职务,不再用自己的行政级别来参与职业经理人的竞争。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">  第二,企业中的经营人员认为自己适合本行业或是适合另一个行业,都可以自己提出申请,通过请咨询公司或者其他机构撮合介绍。一旦介绍成功,经营人员辞去原来的职务,不再使用原来的行政级别,这就使更多人参与到这个队伍中来。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: normal; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">  第三,要培养大量年轻人。年轻人可能没有实际经验,但经验锻炼一段时间就有了。因此,年轻人在得到学位一定期限之后,可以加入到职业经理人市场中去来供大家选择。被选择以后也不一定就当总经理,可以先开始做总经理助理或其他高管,中间有一个锻炼的过程。这样职业经理人的市场就逐渐形成了。</span></p></section><section style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; width: 0px; height: 0px; clear: both;"></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; white-space: pre-wrap; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important; background: yellow;"></span><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-size: 16px; line-height: 25.6000003814697px; text-align: justify; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; box-sizing: border-box !important;">  另外,我们还要仿照国外的经验,在一定时间以后,对职业经理人采取产权激励制度,把职业经理人变成合伙人。现在我们已经考虑到高管的产权激励制度,当然需要经过试点。产权激励制度的提出,实际上是符合现在经济学中的“共享经济”原则。无论是物质资本的投入者,无论是人力资本的投入者,都应该参与红利的分配,这才合理,这也才能调动人力资本投入的积极性。在产权激励这个问题上,在股权的问题上,不能搞平均主义。中央的政策有一条叫做“岗变股变”——岗位变了,股也就变了,不是终身制的。</span></p></h2><p></p>
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