猫眼看文 发表于 2017-5-31 22:46:58

文稿起草工作的几点体会

<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿起草工作的几点体会</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(0, 122, 170); box-sizing: border-box !important;">王&nbsp; 永&nbsp; 平</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿服务是党委办公厅的一项重要职责,是发挥参谋助手作用、以文辅政最直接的体现。结合多年文稿起草工作实践,在这里谈几点体会,与大家交流。我今天主要讲五个问题:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 104, 39); box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、正确认识和看待文稿工作;二、文稿的基本要素和基本要求;三、文稿起草的一般流程和环节;四、文稿起草需要注意的几个问题;五<span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">、</strong>提高</span>文稿写作水平的基本途径。</span></p></section></section></section><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 104, 39); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一、</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">正确认识和看待文稿工作</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">思想是行动的先导。要做好一项工作,首先要认识到位,文稿工作也不例外。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; 1.&nbsp;</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿是机关工作的基础。</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">机关无论哪个部门、哪个处室开展工作,不论是办文、办会、办事,都离不开文字材料,文字工作贯穿于机关工作始终,机关工作的成果最终都要通过文稿来表达和体现。机关工作虽然内容广泛,但文稿工作具有基础地位、保障作用。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿是以文辅政、传达政令的工具,是实施决策和指导工作的载体。</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">机关文稿具有政治性、政令性、真实性、工具性、权威性、规范性特征,有着传达政令、部署工作、反映情况、总结经验、协调关系、解决问题、引导舆论等重要作用。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿质量体现了机关工作水平。</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">机关文稿代表着机关的形象和水平,特别是我们党委办公厅各部门、处室起草的文稿质量如何,不仅代表部门、处室的水平,而且直接代表着党委办公厅的水平,直接影响到自治区党委的决策部署和工作措施的落实。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4.</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿起草是对干部素质全面综合的培养。</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">机关文稿起草不同于其他文稿,既需要一定的写作技能,更需要对党中央精神、自治区党委部署和党委领导同志要求的理解和把握,对实际情况的掌握,对工作措施的研究,反映出作者的理论政策水平、思维能力等等。文稿起草</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 仿宋_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">是一项非常具有创造性的工作,是一项最能锻炼人和提高人的工作。文稿起草</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">的过程是学习作决策的过程,是学习抓工作的过程,是学习当领导的过程。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 104, 39); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二、</span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿的基本要素和基本要求</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1.</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿的基本要素</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">主要有主题、材料、结构、语言四大要素。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; ①所谓主题,就是作者在文稿中通过具体材料所表达的基本思想和情感。(如,</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">不廉洁就要亡党亡国</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">)。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">形象地说,主题是文稿的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">灵魂</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">②所谓材料,就是作者从工作、生活中搜集以及写入文稿中的事实或论据(包括作者的感性和理性认识)。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">形象地说,材料是文稿的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">血肉</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">③所谓结构,就是文章全部内容(主题与材料)的编排、组织形式。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">形象地说,结构是文章的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">骨架</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">④所谓语言, 就是思想的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">建筑材料</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;和写作的表达工具,它本身包括词汇、语法、修辞三个系统,并将其进行有机组合。&nbsp;</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">形象地说,语言是文稿的</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">外貌</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 宋体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">、文稿的基本要求</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">从文稿的基本要素看,最起码的要求,要做到</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">主题突出、材料丰富、结构合理、语言准确。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">延展开来,一篇好的文稿,一般要达到六个方面的要求:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">立意要高、观点要明、层次要清、结构要紧、内容要实、文字要精。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(一)立意要高</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 53px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">好文稿需要思想观念和语言文字的有机结合。起草日常公文也好,起草综合性材料也好,都要立足于宏观的、全局的高度,来思考问题、分析情况、提出措施、作出部署,要防止局限于从部门、处室角度来看问题。特别是党委的文稿要体现出把方向、议大事、谋全局的领导核心作用。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(二)观点要明</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 53px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">观点代表立场,党委和领导同志要强调什么、明确什么,在文稿中阐述的思想、观点,必须十分鲜明,不能含含糊糊、模棱两可,让人听了、不明所以、不得要领。写作时,在表述方法上,要善于用大小题目或段落首句的形式体现观点,特别是在领导的讲话稿中,大小题目要力求非常明确、鲜明,一目了然,易懂好记。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 53px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(三)层次要清</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;层次体现逻辑性、体现语言美。文稿中的各个部分、各个层次,一定要紧扣主题,各个部分所阐述的内容要十分明了,尽量避免出现重复。每个部分中的各个层次,要注意运用序号、分号、句号等,进行明确划分,使听众和读者非常清晰地掌握。(在一个段落里,要注意克服层次过多问题,层次过多让人听起来不易记住。)</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(四)结构要紧</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 53px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">谋篇布局是写好文稿的重要前提。综合文稿,结构紧凑,非常重要。我们起草者在文稿设计、拟定提纲、正式撰写的过程中,都要十分注意主题与部分、部分与部分之间,部分与层次、层次与层次之间,衔接要紧密,阐述要得当,切实防止题外生议,松散无力。尤其是要注意做到前后一贯、浑然一体。要注意文章的起承转合,自然的过渡很重要。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 53px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(五)内容要实</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 53px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">实用性是机关文稿的重要特征。衡量文稿的优劣,一条重要标准就是看能否解决实际问题、推动工作开展。内容是文稿的核心,一篇文稿,最忌讳下笔千言,言之无物。要在学习吃透中央精神、掌握实际情况、对工作进行深入研究的基础上,提出工作要求、进行安排部署,使工作措施具有指导性、针对性和可操作性。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">(六)文字要精</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;真正的好文章不是靠篇幅,而是靠思想和内容取胜。能够用最简明扼要的文字把问题讲清楚了,就是一篇上乘之作。要把握重点,突出要点,努力锤炼文字,认真推敲,做到每一段文字、每一句话、每一个词都有其存在的价值和理由,力求每篇文稿都是精品力作。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 104, 39); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三、</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿起草的一般流程和环节</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 不论是综合文稿,还是日常公文的起草过程大致都可以分为五步,即:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">接受任务、准备酝酿、组织起草、修改完善、完成定稿。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;">第一步:接受任务</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 接到起草文稿的任务,一定要先搞清楚文稿的用途和目的,也就是认真审题,掌握写作的背景。比如说,写一篇汇报材料,首先要搞清楚向谁汇报、由谁汇报、汇报什么。再比如,起草领导同志的会议讲话材料,要先搞清楚召开这次会议的目的和任务是什么,会议的规模有多大,主要有哪些人参加,会议有哪些领导讲话,起草的讲话稿侧重点在哪儿,等等。如果不搞清楚这些,就会出现文不对题,甚至跑题的情况。在实际工作中,有的同志接到写作任务后,往往不假思索,提笔就写,看起来效率很高,往往是欲速则不达。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;">第二步:准备酝酿</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">主要包括三个环节:</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是搜集资料。</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“巧妇难为无米之炊”。资料就是我们写材料的“米”。资料搜集讲求一个“全”字,不能怕麻烦。要充分占有资料,通过平时积累、查阅报刊资料、上网搜索、请相关部门提供等方式,不断丰富充实自己的信息库存,这样才能满足文稿写作的基本要求。对于一些大型的重要材料,如党委、政府的工作报告等,还必须通过深入调查研究,掌握大量翔实的第一手资料。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是去伪存真。</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">有了“米”,不能一股脑倒进锅里了事,还要精选、淘洗。面对纷繁冗杂的资料,要有一双“慧眼”,对资料进行鉴别,根据资料与文稿主旨关系的密切程度,分清哪些有用,哪些没用,哪些用处不大。要把精力投注到重要资料上面,认真研究,从中发现有价值的东西。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">三是潜心思考。</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">首先是对命题的思考。要弄清楚领导通过这个材料最想反映什么问题或者传递什么信息。其次是对资料的思考。要透过现象看本质,从形形色色的资料中总结出规律性的东西。再次是对实际的思考。要在资料信息与实际情况的结合上、在领导要求与实际工作的结合上进行思考,力求有真知灼见。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;">第三步:组织起草</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">主要包括两个环节:</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">一是谋篇布局搭架子。</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">搭架子就是定提纲,这是起草文稿非常重要的一个环节,可以说提纲好文章就成功一半了。为什么这么讲,提纲好比规划设计的“蓝图”、房屋的“框架”、指向的“路标”,对文稿起草起着规范、引领、提示和备忘等作用。有了一张这样的“蓝图”,只要按照科学的方法去“施工”、“备料”、“填补”和“装修”等就可以了。因此,大家一定要高度重视这样环节。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;那么,如何列提纲呢,对于初学者,可以参考这个方法:一般是先列大标题(就是文章的主题),再列一级标题、二级标题、三级标题。一般来说,最多也就列到三级标题,具体到一篇文章的提纲怎么来列,要根据领导的要求,文章的需要等因素来决定,但这样几条原则不能违背:</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一是大标题(主题)必须符合条件要求;就是要符合材料和工作的要求、符合会议要求、符合领导和上级的要求。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;二是一级标题要呼应大标题,二级标题要呼应一级标题,三级标题要呼应二级标题。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;三是同一级标题之间要么是并列关系,有时也可以是递进关系,一定要把相互的逻辑关系搞清楚,不然,就会颠三倒四,一笔糊涂帐,什么都讲不清。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">二是精心起草拿初稿。</strong><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">如果提纲是文稿的骨架,那么内容就是文稿的血肉。一栋房屋是一块一块的砖垒起来的,一篇材料是由一句一句的话连起来的。起草初稿的过程,就是组织句子、组织语言的过程。在起草文稿的过程中要注意从三个方面下功夫:</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一是要下笔有话写。一般是围绕中心句来展开文字。展开的方法,可以对中心句观点进行解释、阐述;可以先阐述对中心句观点的认识,再提要求、作部署;还可以以总分结构来展开,从中心句观点引出几层意思来写。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 二是要行文有层次。切忌眉毛胡子一把抓,不知所云。行文分层次,有的是以小观点配套大观点来分层次,有的是以时间先后顺序来分层次,有的是从不同的工作要求、工作层面来分层次,千万不能出现前后重复,既要避免整个讲话前后重复,也要避免段落内部内容出现重复。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 三是要前后有过渡。一篇文稿能不能一气呵成,是不是行文顺畅,与承上启下、承前启后的过渡关系重大。要想文字顺畅、意思连贯,必须注重行文的衔接和过渡。这个过程中要注意处理好层次和段落、过渡和照应、主次和详略、开头和结尾等环节,使文章主题突出,层次分明,前后呼应。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;">第四步:修改完善</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 好文章是写出来的,更是改出来的。改的过程也是思想不断完善和深化的过程。要养成文稿反复修改、精心推敲的习惯。文稿写好后要多读几遍,仔细在字里行间寻找纰漏,并加以纠正,力求观点正确、论据有力,结构严谨、逻辑清晰,整洁干净、眉清目秀,这样才能算是一篇好文稿。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;修改文章要做到“三看”:一看立意,就是看主题思想是否准确;二看结构,就是看文章层次是否清晰,重点是否突出;三看文法,就是看语言是否达意。还要做到“三多”:多读几遍,通过朗读能够有效发现语法不通的问题;多让别人看,“当局者迷,旁观者清”,仅仅自己看容易形成思维定式,让别人看就容易发现不足之处;多放一放,时间充裕的情况下不要急于交稿,先沉淀一下,过段时间再看,就可能发现材料中的问题。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;">第五步:完成定稿</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 这一阶段关键要做好校对工作。要实行交叉互校,自己撰写的文稿,修改后要让其他同志校对,自己校自己的稿子,很容易出现疏漏。对于校对后的定稿仍不能掉以轻心,在送领导前和付印前,要特别用心地再看一遍,把好最后一道关口,确保万无一失。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 104, 39); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">四、</span></strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿起草需要注意的几个问题</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;">机关文稿有其独特的性质、特点和作用,起草机关文稿有其独特的思维方式和写作要求,如果把握得不好、不准,即使你驾驭文字的能力再强,文稿也未必能对得上路。</span></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;在文稿起草中,要注意以下几点:</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 黑体; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">树牢政治意识、把握中央政策、切实实际情况、确保内容无误。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">树牢政治意识:</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">政治性是机关文稿与其他文稿最大的区别。 机关文稿要绝对讲政治,文稿的观点、内容和提法,都必须与我们党的基本路线、基本方针、基本政策保持一致。只有在讲政治的前提下,才能适当创新。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;</strong>1.重大政治问题上不能出错。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. 引用十八大以来党中央治国理政新理念新思想新战略的一些关键词和主要内容时不能出错。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. 引用党中央治疆方略和重大决策部署内容时不能出错。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">4. 在涉及维护祖国统一、民族团结、宗教工作等重大问题的表述上要有政治敏锐性。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">把握中央政策:</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿是政策的载体,政策是文稿的统帅和灵魂。起草文稿,要全面领会和把握中央政策。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">1. 文稿中提出的工作要求要符合中央精神。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2. 文稿中提出的措施要符合党和国家政策。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. 文稿中提出的要求、措施等要与其他文件相衔接。不能出现在不同文稿中对同一事项要求不一致甚至相互抵触矛盾的地方;涉及一些重大事项、具体规定必须要有依据(中央、自治区文件,党委研究决定的),不能擅自夹带</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: SimSun-ExtB; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">“</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">私货</span><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: SimSun-ExtB; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">”</span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;</span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">切合实际情况</span></strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">:</span></strong><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">机关文稿具有很强的针对性,代表着组织和领导的意见要求,不能自己随意去写。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;1.&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong></span><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿要完整准确体现发文机关或领导同志意图。</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">2.</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">文稿中提出政策措施和办法要求要符合实际。</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3.&nbsp;</strong><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">同一会议上有几个文字材料时内容要相互照应。</strong></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(61, 170, 214); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">确保内容无误:</span></strong></span><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">机关文稿具有很强的权威性,如果在内容或文字上出现错误,会造成恶劣影响。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;1. 材料引用必须准确。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;2. 字词使用必须规范。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 44px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">3. 人名、地名、时间、数字、段落顺序、引文等必须准确规范。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;4. 标点符号用法必须规范。这方面国家有标准要求,要认真学习掌握。</span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 104, 39); box-sizing: border-box !important;"><strong style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; font-family: 楷体_GB2312; letter-spacing: 0px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">五、提高文稿起草水平的基本途径</span></strong></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; text-indent: 43px; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;">**** Hidden Message *****</p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; line-height: 35px; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><span style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<span style="max-width: 100%; color: rgb(255, 104, 39); box-sizing: border-box !important;">&nbsp;世上无难事,只怕有心人。相信大家只要认真对待文稿起草工作,勤学多练,就一定会有所得、有所获、有所成。</span></span></p><p style="max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; font-family: 微软雅黑; box-sizing: border-box !important;"><br style="max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box !important;"></p></section></div></div><p></p>

zmrcg 发表于 2017-6-11 20:34:31

学习了。讲得系统,是干货,谢谢

litailian- 发表于 2017-6-12 08:49:27

的确,文字工作很辛苦,但要做好这项工作很难。

天易毅行 发表于 2017-6-12 10:12:46

找的就是这个啊,谢谢啊

manly 发表于 2017-6-12 11:11:27

讲得系统,是干货,谢谢

beijiguang 发表于 2017-6-12 11:47:50

写得深入细致,很有指导意义

pudding 发表于 2017-6-15 00:15:08

学习了。讲得系统,是干货,谢谢

纳兰霖枫 发表于 2017-7-7 09:03:14

世上无难事,只怕有心人。

凌风就业 发表于 2017-7-9 15:44:34

1.文稿要完整准确体现发文机关或领导同志意图。

东方尘寰 发表于 2017-7-12 16:49:46

文稿要完整准确体现发文机关或领导同志意图。
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