4 M9 ?' f' x( [, d
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, : t3 m- p9 f/ y. o& v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, & F' a0 F7 V4 k; Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 L% [; Z1 L: A" ]
"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, : {5 J- o* R3 @% Y# n, X( }" t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,+ A0 G# S3 t4 O) g! d* o+ }
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* q V! r; u$ D- u
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
2 g) _: M1 z7 G8 U% N9 U, p% H 0 l# r, h8 U: X' m% n' }
' @/ S% Z) m$ dmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, ; J+ T" D8 {4 o
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, 0 ^6 ?% k, y1 `font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
: _- e5 u+ c. G+ }" s4 ~
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, 5 O2 B K/ d9 L2 q) x7 _7 c- E
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, , S. Z8 r. J' n
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 7 h2 n4 `: ]5 V4 ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 6 l0 t% v, ?' V. w2 N `: j宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
8 v6 [ h% w3 D/ R
7 v$ D0 F* z3 @ O$ U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,2 P& U+ j6 ]! n+ W0 K. N
0 }- ~* j! y V2 W, Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 D3 I$ D* k2 `; |' R' @
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
/ O9 P2 m5 ^: d L$ N! ]
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 7 N, k# S0 L6 V" J& Q* m4 u5 i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ " c- k9 o$ Z* o3 r
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” # r/ m) J7 @+ {9 \
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ ' a! j, Y; A# X' k$ ]; d; n! z1 ~宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” / ~) ~+ Y$ x `# o宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, 3 G2 s! l2 z% f
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">前者为因, 2 F; Q& O- {: I# J4 m1 x" s7 [; u: pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, * J5 D/ N T+ Wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
* a& D( y& Y" L5 o9 |+ z/ Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, ' }$ K9 Z# E+ k: s0 o5 v, F宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, ! ^- L8 N8 m' J t4 l; h" q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 2 Q; s* C( p6 d/ q3 g& A; J
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: $ v. G$ h% z, L) H6 q7 j# efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">“ a e: c' B9 lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? , P# V2 G! n! H8 G1 E& C
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” ( }4 H, s( O0 C宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, 4 S& y, n! ^6 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% u* G6 x) n1 o8 P5 B
"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:! W' i: U3 n! b: A! T
7 {+ d( e% D8 H+ p# R9 r
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
z' U4 c* T- V+ I8 J % |0 P; |$ |% t- c2 k. I
/ [- I) v4 U# \. {mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 " a0 _' r& j3 E) N宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, " p& B( m% w7 M3 w
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
% |2 R, h3 [* q+ A
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 8 [8 Z7 W& \& ^# N* z2 w, ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& g0 \9 g* t9 ^, P$ V3 \
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, ; C6 X3 G! S$ Z9 c8 J& @; I1 N j4 Umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7
- S4 a5 I0 X: |
6 P! a7 m2 t" I! r0 t) ?" E
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这个结果合乎逻辑, % `; a$ D: }0 m6 B: o6 R* t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, ! D& O U U5 S p2 F! }) J xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 3 ?& t6 F* m: l* d1 g1 J1 tmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, , @5 c9 M! c( r8 l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, 2 z% I: f1 ~5 P6 i; x- V7 R% `$ C; Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ , g* v/ e; {/ V7 H6 @
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” 9 k6 { T8 z9 _( }5 r+ V宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
4 R; `, u* h+ ~% b, E* [" M
' f/ c2 {2 C8 z+ I4 q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,1 u$ i. B+ M: }
% e. N% \; S P$ pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
. `5 {" z' X7 s - T" L( `1 a/ {" Q4 ~9 f4 C: b9 u
2 C7 D8 I" T, ^8 y& xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, 9 S, R; ^! D# N; X
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, 2 |8 J& D/ l9 R) g! qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:! Z- w# p/ B$ S! K0 g, q* Y2 a
"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
/ t( I$ _3 y/ `0 F" {) y7 Y8 Y/ F' `) g
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, ; P& }0 ]# @+ E3 o) E* ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,2 D+ l7 M2 `% N
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 7 j h) }% w/ U! Q# bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题4 ?. D. c6 }8 l- V12.0pt">: / d0 |1 @; b& {"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: 1 B3 g7 A! D# i. V7 P# A) O& [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 K9 h- ]) K1 F8 \! S
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才7 q1 x) s) D, T% v! l+ b' z# f8 v
12.0pt">, 0 [# L \2 D1 C M' w+ o"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, 2 W5 _" y2 K0 z# }% Y6 jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 8 u, b0 p6 H4 a
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, : G* ~! h* }9 h宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, , e9 i8 P# n( n
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* b$ V/ c0 i- r' B! [' M
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题/ I* M& ^- n% D9 {/ k
12.0pt">; ) ^! h4 V: f6 Z- a6 ~! r0 _+ I! T"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, ; A% R! Q6 t# d3 k/ C
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求7 y0 N5 P, [. x; O7 q7 [4 v1 I6 f$ f12.0pt">: ! d4 g R. Y) B/ H, C" n7 r) M
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; % V5 i$ Y" k5 P9 E( xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:% ]% _" ]# m5 I/ p
"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 1 `3 R8 v( p& y9 W# b- Y% Emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, % X" w1 k: N$ W& O: N
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统9 L( p+ Z& b. C
12.0pt">:
9 ^. r. j) Y1 B2 e 8 K8 i$ Q% j. g& C( U
. s+ [( O. H F% v* i7 ~ m7 B. K
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ $ n2 W0 E c; Y9 n, ~宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 6 A' K9 {% \, z9 l, @
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
# x( F* r8 @1 p W1 j( Q6 d
$ O" S7 }: [1 H. X* b9 Lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
+ U4 E2 H5 `5 a, z0 m宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
9 E9 V. M7 a( H; p8 E, ~ H宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
4 {6 h# D6 W2 O$ r- Q- I
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 b2 x5 F0 v8 E @
"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构
5 e1 t& t6 @; d " L+ V7 j1 Z% R9 P
' E4 `) v5 F: @
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, / S; o. D; O6 W. Z- s" R% ]
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( n4 B8 u$ y% w: y. }+ ~5 M) o- o) x% t
"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, % ~; k3 l# U, s; K( N
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, " i+ {& {/ ?5 d" A: F( X* L/ P& |
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 S- o t m( B5 u. z
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,1 H6 f* r0 |4 j' z- @- B
8 M4 ]6 h' x) O8 k1 K) gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 8 i- l8 f9 `( T# Z9 ]6 J
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ X( j+ K8 @- M4 W
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 5 [* R9 D: |6 J) E% M) b
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, . V! y6 ?9 m3 k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: - f" G8 v/ M/ S# o! \- y/ ]
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. @ |% F& f) [( B8 ^- m
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, - s& ~( R. {7 Y# j; ~# o8 ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, - \& w2 T6 L p( @6 ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- r# @/ w( s( Y1 A7 O9 a
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, 2 W! m' b6 ^. u% z7 g% U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
* t. Q: S# n0 v& X: t# m
$ f* \* V" b5 k+ M mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,- z! `) D2 `" @" J2 E1 P8 K4 | \ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- W" F$ y) u5 N0 n& O# O* M "Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定1 D. _, }+ K& ~# N$ a% V6 ^8 p12.0pt">, ; W/ e$ m. V4 A; |' M' P: ^3 F3 l"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 7 U( U3 N; A6 }8 R" ~ font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, _' e) ] [5 e% z! z1 ^ M "Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:: O6 n q& m( d [9 kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, # d% T. y3 Q$ w宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, D0 ]+ X! t4 z) N( {9 I% e6 Y3 O( q V font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:4 c7 g$ ]* y- V "Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, 9 o5 V$ Y/ K. h9 |6 W8 B) a7 E( Mmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 9 z" x2 p( z5 w7 D- O! ~) t/ S+ P1 V4 K font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: ; Q/ e2 i2 |& y! d宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ / H$ B* n1 L" ]% V3 O+ o% b# ]宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 3 v# z& ~( ~ o$ a1 k font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊
| 欢迎光临 老秘网_材夜思范文 (http://www.caiyes.cn/) | Powered by Discuz! X3.4 |