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3 f3 q. v9 g2 Y$ @2 xTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网) R% y; R& \$ w3 |+ J/ S
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9 c0 [# z; T/ }0 y6 B" i+ ^* Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。: O9 Z% F+ s6 u( pmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 ~7 H. o+ ^* L# v; [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：2 b* G% g9 k* j2 ? T3 |0 d, W/ `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 ~$ R5 J" A1 J! O2 @5 _6 F
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+ w2 |. V8 b! {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：9 y5 `/ Q( P' r* ]
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# E; x2 a) V6 w% z1 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：; K! D9 n7 }) C2 M4 x" x; t
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。$ r# g7 E! ?' b/ d+ S0 D& h4 ]
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：4 C K V$ U# z3 u0 c
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5 d9 G- c6 }2 r5 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。; m+ S$ i$ K7 S% ]8 e( n" s7 ~0 Ncolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' ~# U1 y. z# P8 J- pTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;/ G8 n1 b/ B6 \* x3 n* W* B1 E
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：& Y# c8 n6 l3 ^7 dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“; H5 W' V2 ?9 g1 ^1 gmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
; J* u6 {# T, Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？4 u1 q# l$ D! q' n9 h) f9 |2 Emso-font-kerning:0pt">” F* t0 g, r @* L; F1 Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：1 y% o3 U9 o$ |3 G* G2 t( h- H" Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“- C4 e/ u& }% Y* T; g% Fmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
& p7 k. N G, J0 Y" smso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。4 C J/ R, V2 ~) }% L- A! Lcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。) k! L5 q; |. p5 ^/ lmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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. j$ }- k; ]' n) r. hmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：9 E8 Y. f0 G+ V; {: O+ n10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ N& p/ k8 ? Y' ^* S' o" e( omso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;9 m m6 f/ A6 }, n9 s
mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。 [" C2 w4 s7 F. O10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ o0 B) a! f: x
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：6 e- O) ?' T" p6 P" K$ E2 ^& X8 C
0pt">". `0 t8 a- `* B9 c' [
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) ^8 `2 d0 s& g7 S S! I3 B* fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。1 a9 t* P" }: S( V: i( K
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* `9 j$ i3 P# rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢5 v3 l4 N e8 I$ J' d
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, h2 T9 T& y5 Q% {2 z% gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：1 Z1 o2 G) p- u2 ` ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。+ Z, [' z4 g% e
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* T4 z$ z( t% i4 f4 p& omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是+ e4 ]# @2 c) g! r- V0 N" o
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. s" z2 A' N6 i& j4 S: W# y3 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得& C# u, I+ F2 p0 P A6 Z W
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违6 S4 O& N- [- u1 _
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7 B, U/ w# Z: z$ b* {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲2 q) j: D1 a0 b8 q- b. |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ ]8 n* y8 d, ?
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+ ~6 Q6 w0 [! u+ \0 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违2 C$ ~0 J; B9 R" `# x) i
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5 R# y" v* S0 D6 B- p$ j# bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，% ^" L$ F' S: x, I. Y; N
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* }# \; N) n7 n- Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。) n, s0 u" e- f! Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ j: ]! j. ^* ?: k3 Y$ q( E! C* Bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ `2 ^' B4 l; u, C2 s' P" M4 Y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。# Z8 C( b' y+ f. i0 W* C9 omso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。1 |5 }* z0 j# y7 X- j& x+ u
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7 s5 T5 D1 @$ Q# _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：- o& _1 Z, t6 |4 y" c
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( I# A: n2 u! `2 w" F/ E& N- x) d, }9 hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义5 |3 G; O- q+ X0 E' F0 I
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！1 C. w2 \& l; H$ u$ q |; L6 q% ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。; z$ [+ o% u1 P: ]+ `9 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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/ ?* {" q; Y( U% p! Z/ Z' z, RTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述% z( H' z: l3 z# C. K
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊* x& V6 n+ H& M/ V6 ~ X0 d# T
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' h! F1 ~% f6 v. n1 BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。4 I3 q8 }. L. F# k, E2 F; D0 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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; s2 U. l4 w* w. [( `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。% i1 u- H$ ~; z# ]4 P6 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ j( H- k/ `$ k$ V$ o
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——% ]7 y& K$ ^5 J. o$ O( p5 Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 N% H; ~$ U% E. tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：* n4 b6 |; G4 w; m5 }' N% Umso-font-kerning:0pt">“3 H% K" G- C2 B' Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
+ H" T8 D* v/ r" ]4 r4 ^8 j9 Y' rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。8 m1 I! Z( S9 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”, u$ @ e+ O7 a) F9 E
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ C7 C Q% A, s6 d& m3 `4 p
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个3 C v5 i1 u! x' F7 r/ e K; K; f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬. @" N; q6 C$ V3 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”% W1 a/ o# \. `7 K. c3 G/ q% N
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为+ r- I; @+ ?( l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道+ P( y) u4 ~ d! |; Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ S) A; g/ F1 G/ P. G- Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% Y8 p2 h4 D9 V) ~4 ^7 I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。" @1 B# ~$ ]' U/ t+ x. ^3 t! P8 W8 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的) N) B: S' T4 C. M8 K5 G# U
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2 @% K1 C! b1 F' zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思3 y5 u* o8 a! o* F6 umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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