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' S0 P- T9 g9 V+ Z' S7 YTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞,老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐,虽然是洋人的节日:)下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网+ h5 s8 A3 R% O0 C# T
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- N0 d7 r `4 |5 l, cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”,原本这节课是安排在周三下午的,但贾老师届时另有要事,所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告,提前到今日下午开课。有此良师,夫复何求?闲话少叙,立即把上课实录整理奉上。1 q1 Y9 g& n" d0 h7 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第, H1 W; I1 e3 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">5$ j- ~0 |! W. v' v: {
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3 R. y9 j- N' @4 S/ xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章:# _0 a- q4 L2 U" M, h
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0 a4 N ~- K6 p" Q3 J. M0 Z' Amso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝,子曰:$ j ^1 S( H* j( ?6 A
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* b+ K3 l m4 \9 \* vmso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。6 M( w$ @. m4 s
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4 N5 ]0 B8 c I( Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御,子告之曰:( |4 N( ?) J# G8 P* D3 F
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我,我对曰无违。. a9 H8 d4 \+ c4 a" k- V3 W+ |
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* H2 ^" _: n7 h) @6 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰:: c1 H/ u* e Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ D. d Y- E1 P* \: d
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5 L( W" Y# R4 H2 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也?4 x: S# u( T7 o
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; V- v; J" B/ ^3 Y) z9 Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼;死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。2 ?, ^5 z. }) Q' X6 `0 N
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# r" i9 C8 m! J8 T1 cmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子:鲁国大夫,三家之一,姓仲孙,名何忌,懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违:不要违背礼。樊迟:孔子的学生,名须,字子迟,比孔子小四十六岁。御:驾驶马车。孟孙:指孟懿子。8 N" l0 o' S" {: Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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0 i# T; x9 f5 }$ bmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝,孔子说:# }4 B/ }- i$ B% c* G/ t
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7 x$ T$ R t' d4 V1 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。* N% y) C( [: r) k10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! @2 U$ P; Y2 ]+ {) `4 Q4 B
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4 m* ]+ K% f' A0 B w9 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天,樊迟给孔子驾车,孔子告诉他说: l; |% ]* W, R' [/ T$ e7 L
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# y- f6 z/ ]/ }8 kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝,我回答他说不要违背礼。' B0 {3 M9 N% U+ [/ x4 ~4 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">"; _. }* P" S$ e8 Q- R
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n. x U! V2 c& Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说:, z" w* P' I* C, ?' g% T" f/ M4 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ ^0 E1 Q* l% n+ Z: p. d0 X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢- [' W3 T2 V+ d' _9 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说:4 p, g1 _# _3 {7 N7 U0 L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候,要按礼侍奉他们;父母死了,要按礼来埋葬他们,祭祀他们。' a: `' @' m3 P4 }! O8 S2 }- }mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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! g/ Y. F+ e" a4 H; x+ Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:怎样理解孝就是% k4 f* A6 b9 |$ O2 ~10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( r; K0 H! n- |5 k
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7 k$ O7 c! k1 B# z2 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违0 E5 B' `) U. X. \: |10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! ?3 S& M6 Q- K7 K
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教,所以孔子针对他讲得* M7 g9 U. P5 `( B+ `+ ?
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$ @4 F$ X! B' h, ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违* C4 u: G0 t. ]. z( W! e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是不要违背父亲的教诲,这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言,孔子讲, ]5 a1 k' t+ N& Y4 ]% P. fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! T* R& y% b" ?$ ]1 R6 W
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5 W; E; j* q$ H6 ~' lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违* W5 ~$ e0 @: T6 S$ g
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4 ~- Q$ j+ m, g+ Ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,强调要以礼事亲,不可违背于礼,0 T3 O7 ]. ^- ~; y% |5 S' l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。- j, b, |4 l9 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 O8 t5 Z" L" u1 o+ X. K: P
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4 K& k* S- Y7 t; s' |- `2 `5 Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世,如有不合乎礼的言行,子女是不应当顺从的,而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏,这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神,还应当体现在父母去世以后,要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们,这才算子女尽孝有始有终。; T: H3 w' S! M4 z2 Q
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. @7 i. n- |7 i2 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章谈孝的重点是,孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系,一方面强调仁是礼的核心,礼应当体现仁的精神;另一方面又强调,礼的规定体现了仁的要求,依礼而行就是仁。据此,是否做到了孝,要以是否依礼而行来衡量。" [9 y- y% `5 G3 ~5 @$ vmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地:( a ?& B4 i" [, T6 }
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N+ s) q: e- M+ Q1 i( |Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬,心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇!反过来说,虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬,但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬,也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要,如若无礼那必然是不孝!对父母尽孝道,是义3 n- m9 D% C$ ?. ]2 {, a% @$ X3 v# \- m
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' J: v, e$ ?6 d9 ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质,是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心,才会有孝行。7 @* k' o- G! f. @5 q
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老,昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述8 {2 ^8 n6 J1 P. }mso-font-kerning:0pt">2% m1 n/ u- ]6 a- S" |, F. ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
8 L- D% Q+ ~2 d' K. _3 p8 C* `mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝,绝对不能行功利主义,现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候,和颜悦色,等到父母年迈无力,不能给自己帮上什么了,就放弃赡养父母,这是一种巧言令色,有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的,先说不违,能够做到遵循父母的教导,按照父母意愿行事之人有几?晚生做不到,起码现在说,不孝有三无后为大,父母成天逼婚,依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊- ]" q( m' Y. X. C
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。现在社会中,生前不依礼事亲,死后大操大办的现象很普遍,成为了陋习,也造成了很大的负担。" Q, u( s1 T9 M8 @. N* d* Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝,如今还在于与父母交心、沟通,体谅父母的难处,分担父母的责任。/ A. W* i9 s. Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——. q: {/ _5 X" H. o" s! t: g% c
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6 h) y3 _1 J; i/ k# e& ymso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对,这是从情感上关心父母,是尽孝的重要内容。生,事之以礼。死,葬之以礼,祭之以礼。. {, h+ u* c1 A, f( T3 U1 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道,是义。如何尽孝,是礼。如何行礼,就是生而不违,去世行丧礼,祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说:- Y5 }4 r/ x2 A! a& }! G4 \% ]* j
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4 U" u0 ~" X* c7 Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者,敬而已矣。故敬其父,则子悦;敬其兄,则弟悦;敬其君,则臣悦;敬一人,而千万人悦。所敬者寡,而悦者众,此之谓要道也。 k- W5 B* c: ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 g$ t3 A' j4 C+ V0 r4 d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌,而外在表现,就是一个- ~: m% P! O& c7 ?& e/ ? u$ fmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% d$ ?) \, j- D
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬( B7 e" ^: P/ h5 O" [mso-font-kerning:0pt">”$ g$ V: B+ T9 v9 N
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3 b0 a& r9 S; J! r' C8 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以,如能尊敬他的父亲,那么其儿子就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的兄长,那么其弟弟就会喜悦;如能尊敬他的国君,那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人,却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数,而喜悦的人却有千千万万,这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为: J& V* Y+ Q. P
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u3 \5 x' Q1 R9 X6 A+ dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。3 I, Z- q& ^2 a) i
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* ?1 J5 M6 [/ @! z4 FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯,这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从,陷亲不义,一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的% T% ~$ ]' a* K" y$ L/ R4 P
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