跟贾陆英老师学《论语》为政篇第五章 2013年12月24日 圣诞快乐！

* `5 i" h1 i( n. l mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网& K4 ~6 y8 i' n C0 Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ3 k% ^2 s8 r( Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ( I7 ~2 D- r: ]" y( z9 Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。, U1 r6 J/ U: l9 h8 J mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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4 S }# n8 H" `( P& R6 efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! J, D/ n' E; }1 F/ Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：6 }9 n1 q. I" |3 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">

* `5 ~5 B' m/ J0 Z; t( z% B10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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j: { t6 i4 u6 r, i$ nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 4 ~9 w* U( _4 N7 x, N' Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1 @' L0 Q _8 `9 I4 ]6 r! H: D% _ mso-font-kerning:0pt">5$ ] `* T: X% U6 O5 H8 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：( l3 \* v5 q' U! e; I! H8 @5 P mso-font-kerning:0pt">

& W) ~5 |: u' y, m9 t1 }2•5 9 U! m. P0 [ o9 x$ Y" I* j$ DTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; $ W+ [; z T5 P# I2 lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：8 V! ^! u; k: ?. f+ e7 u4 T! ^% Gmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' ~* P ^( R5 ?+ f* G, [" q& { mmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。: m$ U' C M+ j* xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 A+ i' C, z% e w% N mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：; u$ H3 J; Y x3 N; H* o5 L( l* R mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: E2 y' V+ f H( r2 x6 P mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。& ~, {' M: C: f, f6 X: p: N. Rcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”* p5 P9 b [: U X. b# l" M Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 5 x" U6 K& T& ?2 m( qmso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：5 E$ j$ M! ]* y$ l3 b% pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ Z5 \* }5 R3 I1 E! O mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？) k4 k4 o/ q! ` mso-font-kerning:0pt">”; F5 y/ \. H( ~: T$ qmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：, @' S2 z5 D+ c8 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">“! u j- X6 ^, O s; C( } mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- g# }' n) Y2 c5 Lcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”

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9 G3 K, y% { N+ v9 z- s, F10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
. O! l: H6 L N6 t" k: I; E& ^+ lTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。( N% M0 i' z4 E9 o& q: a& j mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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" I6 N5 J6 U+ N) z$ \3 YTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; + z# H2 t* i9 Y6 x( hmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：4 g5 [3 U$ E1 J* x 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 V- [( W1 c. ^3 u1 y mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; 1 g; e8 _ a5 ]6 Z3 I, P$ L9 |8 I$ cmso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。: ? C( m' {, D& g 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ Q* g7 F. K4 o1 w mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：. |0 s H3 M! a5 y, ~ 0pt">") e2 U: k9 w% J. {: W$ a mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。0 W1 S2 Q) b6 r$ A9 y9 ]8 q mso-font-kerning:0pt">"7 E! `- H* G6 F6 V. ]. F font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：6 w" O# ^0 y/ Z3 C mso-font-kerning:0pt">"+ m( W4 O$ H4 ]! C9 h; ~ M) ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢; Y, p$ O* K9 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 1 ^ i; h. x+ C; t% J5 p2 \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 0 s4 _6 O3 i: W) u) hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：+ w& d: L, I2 ]/ `+ q mso-font-kerning:0pt">"% `8 f7 e4 o1 v( ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。* H8 W$ b; f, n) B mso-font-kerning:0pt">"

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8 W# |: Q3 v% c 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
! b* f$ x( ]1 `+ S' V& Z. K( `; X! ?, z 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是( W" `- @# j+ ^/ ]5 h 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' C+ U$ O9 r+ Z" K( ? font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违7 c. w- D! X9 z b; b5 f10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 \. `' T0 w) l, ]font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">？. s! X) |6 {- Z7 [ G0 W2 U; Q 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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5 t" d# K( c$ `: W: N; a, | 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
5 F6 S# y! H l& @( p: S2 d) J' ]3 p/ {: n3 p2 g( [. r n3 W7 G3 T" Q* ATahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; # a9 y0 b4 u { b3 umso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得3 I6 x. H- Q9 t& j9 n6 _- umso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ @5 S9 C. o z2 h* I font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * T( J \ j6 i H- v* U2 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违( W6 \) M; P; b9 \% q* g mso-font-kerning:0pt">”: q. w$ d0 U! S font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; & m L1 ^" @! @' z/ u1 x; C% \ r2 Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲% `* z0 k' G6 C* @3 m+ ~" ` mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& b: \5 w4 a6 o+ U; ^$ q font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ( P- w- }& y# @ T4 n* a" E' emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违 Y+ |9 t4 Y8 d8 Y: O# d2 A mso-font-kerning:0pt">” P8 `# i7 [7 n. Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; / R8 `* W0 T2 D ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，; _/ |2 b W- Q" q$ Q2 \; umso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 h1 I* K5 D0 Y" Q! q( G) d font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; U w1 ~, I. r/ pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。, R* v& E; L% ~1 e0 c, }) T mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 g) \% r$ d! y( j7 u8 X8 S4 ~6 v font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; M; b1 n: @/ F8 v% fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。& J; P( l( h! u" ~3 m4 G$ g mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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% {* i" L& d6 z+ S- K/ |' A9 n 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
% y% P/ O- B3 }7 Q. ~1 H% N$ I 10.5pt;font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？( I$ C% x. F4 h0 l6 L6 Q9 C0 ]/ ] 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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# [5 z! i& T$ z# T 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
' }1 z4 [. z8 E: I6 u7 g H8 q4 x9 L8 R9 c+ C7 J8 FTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black; mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。# U; F9 Z8 |0 | mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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& W+ o( ~: I1 N( U, g 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

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M) w( p$ D9 |* gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 6 D z; b* ]) l; vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：2 U6 [3 u- \: a5 r d6 a0 ~' h mso-font-kerning:0pt">

9 P9 l; b9 Y* c 10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 

/ r& X2 b) d. J) Jmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义( J0 _& I$ G$ |7 c$ g" \: W0 d mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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" o% [1 R6 _( k) q0 ~7 P/ v) j+ H W& [mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！" L( x# }1 C, k4 Y7 f& s9 ^9 smso-font-kerning:0pt">——. ^ e5 @! b& y$ ]4 k5 ~. Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; : K9 ]9 A. N' J' ^0 V$ Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。& T8 h G6 N4 u2 C+ r+ k3 S mso-font-kerning:0pt">

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/ @0 ]- M }2 n, a* nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">夕惕若：3 D& i1 n8 m( }4 M. Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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" t) I/ `3 I$ ^: _$ J0 lmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述1 Q3 m R; e8 ~# N+ j/ I. _. emso-font-kerning:0pt">2! {; h E- ^( v- O, e4 s font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊* }4 b# H5 l3 x" e; Q3 }' L' Imso-font-kerning:0pt">

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孝经

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7 v- U# z+ U! K/ A* a2 omso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: # {' X0 H2 R8 U5 iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。# h( Y+ r3 |1 ?; rmso-font-kerning:0pt">——9 R: D) u& E, F' Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ) i: b! [. u( w" x) R6 t0 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。- T9 \! m4 k: k/ n; umso-font-kerning:0pt">——" ?6 u* v2 J) y7 X font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; $ [2 p$ Z+ X, K7 w8 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：, I" _$ I7 r7 j" p7 Z" B; E: ] mso-font-kerning:0pt">“, f" L: A/ B6 M7 b0 a$ J, Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; : p# S5 w" _# O- ^/ Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。. u$ U* o, b9 o5 [" lmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: S. r; W: |8 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 5 A; {! S2 u/ N0 C' C. M0 x0 zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个. [9 {! Q; V+ f& n6 q mso-font-kerning:0pt">“ \2 K5 J7 ^* y: [$ I1 ^6 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬" x& x% t8 v" J! s mso-font-kerning:0pt">”6 ]! M1 t, C9 P: [" ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ! C, n+ Q$ T% ^* \. nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为* d I3 Z1 ~4 P4 ` mso-font-kerning:0pt">“( ~/ ^: G- R8 C4 @9 C font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; , @$ t. V$ y r5 x$ k5 X8 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道* T) k$ f0 ~! O% @mso-font-kerning:0pt">”& a: b8 u9 L3 Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; ; L3 V/ L' j ]0 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。1 X1 a+ L8 ~: V+ o. D. D$ E L( Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">

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8 Q, G; Q; J6 m3 O1 v3 a" r/ Kmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: ; h9 f3 n h& {" S% RTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：1 Y X1 S: T! Q8 i0pt">

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& T5 U+ _7 g8 N4 m4 e mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的( v4 N4 J( o/ ], X) ~- T9 h mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 }$ M5 T# e) i' \9 h3 u3 K% r( P: _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; 2 p9 R' M5 q1 K+ zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">顺7 |0 r# [* n+ Amso-font-kerning:0pt">”: _2 f! w0 }: m: S2 c; s font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; * w! r& @" u- }+ O; x2 ^5 w; a' gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思" h$ D* f2 [2 U7 x* Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">

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现在用法律手段规定子女要常回家看看，但是由于时间、金钱等各方面的原因，又有多少人是想回而不能回的呢，这个道德层面的问题上升到法律层面到底有什么意义，始终不大明白

贾老师讲得不错，大家发言很踊跃，尤其那个“小风飕飕地”发言很积极，很好！大家要向他学习！{:soso_e128:}

学习、领会、顿悟、提高，贾老师讲的精彩，大家都很出彩。老秘网我们的共同的平台!

贾老师在研究古人和古汉语方面有研究，佩服
3 [1 v  {. j  Q" x, W" U

我这里显示也是一堆乱码，怎么回事

好好学习，天天向上{:soso_e195:}

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

贾老师讲的不错，学习了，谢谢

我这里显示的是一堆乱码！！

不错，学习了，佩服佩服