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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ! Z( Y0 c( W+ M! z& E' V1 Z
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9 \# P, R# ]9 nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第7 l7 F0 r. a+ |mso-font-kerning:0pt">13 k: T5 j! I p( m
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：7 b6 y# `* t5 N+ I4 u4 x/ \$ Z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。9 ?. Z$ b% G: k; M& ncolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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$ X( b, n. }0 {1 |# xTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。: b% K$ ^2 m' U6 f _
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8 s. Z% s ?* w/ Q8 }# Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：) z5 l; S) z! I. M& }, l, }1 c$ i10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“. C. r5 L3 J9 V" p# [$ M
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0 P L* }! K0 O6 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。3 [2 {5 J; z) _7 k3 _* x* Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？% ` W7 h) H. D% ~5 {
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。 r- ?( U: ?4 J6 ]1 X
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4 W% X) C5 I" J! q0 Y3 H4 lTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服- w* F3 x; E: c2 V' b. Fmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 4 m: I% Z, r j6 m7 A$ R( \( ^4 _0 t% }, a
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢: C# ?% M' _& M" J/ ?$ |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的; z. f/ B! v9 k; c b! D5 ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ H4 W4 p( H: ^6 J1 Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
6 D4 Z) w) y Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。5 a9 V" w* d) vmso-font-kerning:0pt">" . H9 j5 m' V7 S3 a7 H. Y
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9 T) O+ j3 z( X- T( ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？孔子的人性不分善恶，他信奉有教无类。我认为是孔子信奉的是德治礼治，而不是德治法治，儒法结合是后人的创新9 F! J+ k9 n, ^! A- n
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白( R( A: _$ l9 }8 |/ }
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学( | Q& g3 B/ H6 C
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？. s+ _2 l& b4 k
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% O0 n% X& O) w( |2 q8 H5 ]mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。3 n$ ]$ r8 _0 K) g& C( i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">“贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想”7 [. I% O2 B1 E) tmso-font-kerning:0pt">——2 ]. A6 M& f0 R- Y3 V0 O% F m
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊) X0 ]# X; \2 J$ a& E6 w
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚0 t7 f2 c! a1 J0 w0 l7 h2 A" U! T* hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！. o" }' }' _7 p# ]' \5 w! Smso-font-kerning:0pt"> : s% V. p* n) {: [1 e! ~
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假& f1 z |" h5 v* ~' bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* i2 n2 J( C9 f l/ o1 ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是/ `" v: v! t* I$ g! a/ E! Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“ G! K {% y% s) S0 r2 r# l
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。* o7 t4 `* \" Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ p' f8 Z- o% ?; ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ G" S% u" R" r( y4 F3 G
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴2 t4 Q+ {) H# v* D* Z$ H3 ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">”! L4 f& C6 y) r }* u& S3 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;; y$ L5 k. C/ ]& [' q- z* W
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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