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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： # U5 [/ r" ]4 _- D& p( Lmso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:- A% K: |* [+ [' v. o
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第; H2 k8 m2 S* H' V; \5 [2 Z9 l* Imso-font-kerning:0pt">1$ N1 M4 j6 Y2 Y
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* A8 s8 Q4 u$ {mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰： _5 n% Z0 Q% j/ t0 [4 w. L+ X
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。6 E& B6 f5 z; V* J3 jcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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: i+ g" {/ T. K& ?Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。! K5 N$ P+ G7 o8 a% e- [
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& A/ {( p8 g5 e* C: O4 smso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。( N% b4 K( Y" A; d+ l* Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？* x. t% y+ g$ t1 Ycolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! O; J; o2 C/ v" u( S4 cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。 L; T2 ]3 k3 ^& bmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服6 y( j9 i9 I3 e6 ~2 z2 c
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" k6 o1 }) m* Q8 w. _Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢1 |' S8 j6 s9 g6 |+ ]mso-font-kerning:0pt"> 9 |9 z# }/ `7 x" E. b% ]9 ]4 y
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6 k8 b/ a$ {% G# X/ J9 M- Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服0 z0 k, t+ J( t0 _8 P" M
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. y' F" y4 c# R# v- s' u" q& MTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白% N4 G7 M7 H" ?; D( j
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学$ R: M# w1 k; t/ M$ R3 N; m. j
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7 N5 _; h0 E- Z2 e- t) I; B% ~9 umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？% t" L8 q' o/ N7 @" d. vmso-font-kerning:0pt">——: z0 H# i5 B- k9 b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚- K) x% R6 g2 F: n
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Z. _& L3 T* \ i4 t) JTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！7 u3 w3 P: \- ?( T4 r) x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假8 B7 b( I( ~. ~, v/ d7 @+ D
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2 {" x3 h. k. Z; H7 VTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是2 q; M# t! i4 `* }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ Z: m6 ]6 w/ ^5 z$ p' } O1 D' v8 e
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5 Y, h \1 _. N9 y# P4 Q0 Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题: [& @6 U, |* R5 D1 n, R, C7 A8 r: l
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# y8 N2 N: d9 g1 ]/ Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。5 ?0 R5 O. k. F+ j p
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! k4 V% _2 @" k+ ]+ a, ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴$ i W2 E- r4 `" W* X/ u9 t0 E
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. i2 i- [' g$ I* {2 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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