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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： ) j, i3 u( m: C6 M4 Q8 `9 Y# X( Umso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第$ g" H3 g6 T; r* V- X7 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">1* e3 i: A. E, m2 P: S1 t8 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。7 D& n. G3 P3 O7 e& Vcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。1 V# v2 f, z( S! A2 N Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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! B; n% U$ N' P5 w6 {/ Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。+ z( L: I1 H. Y; ]1 i3 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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6 s( _6 j' b9 nTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。) N) L/ h+ g9 g& @0 T4 Y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服; A* B0 O' g1 U6 A" |
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白: Y& ?- n: H9 {5 E
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; m7 y( q+ X& j+ HTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学8 J$ q0 t) G% e+ jmso-font-kerning:0pt"> & J% [) d; a9 @4 F# \. _4 F
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9 c5 M9 T7 p/ C' ~( w% r; z. Z2 \" amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？& ] z* T3 X/ ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">——6 E2 B, U: W7 x2 v! q
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" Z# ~- w0 \6 [; \Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服% Y& Y. x1 ?+ I1 ]$ E. m; L
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚+ p& \/ X" ?# d6 @$ p& bmso-font-kerning:0pt"> * ^# d- [7 Y" s$ N$ M
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/ d0 K. X+ P' g4 X7 t, K9 F; @Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：4 t/ F% Y9 o; n) v( F+ J8 L0pt"> : J( `) ]+ c9 `" m
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5 D4 f7 \0 c- c' v bTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我认为国治才能民安，所以教化没人人外儒是必要的，每个人也都有义务做到外儒！民安后如何能够实现久安呢？这就需要内法的作用啦！5 A6 u$ K: u5 E& E5 b
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假* R6 B5 r/ M! A6 N9 s g
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是 {+ R" e+ o/ T! L
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">细节问题; d" f* b8 k7 b) X. |4 {/ ]/ B- H6 H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。+ m- R& b5 L+ r& t( v% L f4 Q
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" s# g% R; m2 r) A qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">千里之堤，溃于蚁穴" |7 U% o" R& U1 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”7 |: D H/ c, m! q+ r3 }font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, [: I; ^) k Q0 k! B( L+ S$ G
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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