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今日下午3：30贾陆英老师《论语》问答录在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”准时开讲。本期学习讨论《论语》为政篇第1章，网友们的参与热情高涨。老猫出差刚回，现整理如下： # q7 M) X2 {8 |9 o
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% Z; G* e+ V( [ E( wTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第3 M$ k9 K# i( \2 _9 p: t Dmso-font-kerning:0pt">1* C& ~0 i1 z+ E; u" q8 H
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7 t3 C! J8 K$ imso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：4 l# P0 j, m# s( p4 q
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+ T+ a: m5 t) Y7 l& l) J- zmso-font-kerning:0pt">为政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而众星共之。6 G+ C6 d5 o: r+ {7 a3 y# ucolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">北辰：指北极星。所：处所、位置。共：同拱，环绕。比喻众多的人簇拥着一个被他们尊敬的人，或许多东西围绕着一个中心。+ ^; p4 z8 x8 X& m) n2 h; cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：' _# h" l; c6 V% }
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1 ]+ t0 V4 L' e0 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">靠高尚的品德来施政，这样的为政者好比是北极星，居于自己的位置上，众多的星星都环绕着它。# i, s/ @0 f9 S L) ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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& c' D& R# F, @% Z; f3 C8 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">问：这句话表达了孔子的什么主张？6 R9 b- A- {) ~+ r; I$ Q, }
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, b. K3 j( }- ~+ T' X; {Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子以北辰居其中而众星环绕作比喻，深刻揭示了具有高尚品德对于为政者的重要性，具体、形象、生动地表达了孔子的德治思想。当时，在如何治理国家的问题上，主要有两种主张：其一是依靠政令刑法，强制百姓服从；其二是通过道德教化，引导百姓走上正道。孔子主张后者，强调为政者首先要以自己高尚的品德为榜样，尔后才能教化、影响、引导民众。8 v9 |& F6 n1 o2 z5 l' P; O
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服* I3 ~& @8 b, `! [# `! I
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">仁政具体指的是什么？道德层面的东西我觉得都太虚了，没有一个标准。同志们认为呢) q8 V8 _' r8 {: |+ Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以政令刑法，民治而心不服，以礼仪道德，民治而心服; S* U% y* R6 S; j8 C$ ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">——4 |& }" d( f, @, [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，这就是孔子说的- E7 h f4 K, i3 A, h1 G
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" U7 `- E+ N$ f% Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">道之以政，齐之以刑，民免而无耻；道之以德，齐之以礼，有耻且格。3 K8 p) _2 w: B# B0 ?; _: n! m
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/ N' T, \ m& c' M$ D7 H% a# hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒家法家绝对是治国两大法宝，是不是有说内法外王。希望依靠道德来治理国家。道德高尚至极只能是圣人，而不是君王。君王要有仁爱之心，但不能妄想通过道德来治理国家吧。干部要清明、清廉、清白" j! o, ]3 b) xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老师，学生认为：政令刑罚、道德教化二者不可偏其一，无道德教化，民暴而戾，无政令刑罚，民散而慢。总而言之，应用儒家思想来做人，用发家思想来做事，这也符合我们的辩证法思想。儒法相结合不是从以往执政者所言的外儒内法。应该是在去除封建统治者为维护统治所宣扬的糟粕基础上，留下儒家所宣扬的大仁、大爱的思想，在结合现代化的法制、民主的精神，才是真正的儒法结合。一味从古，不如不学( Q- j9 Y; T C9 A% U: ^' k/ C
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! V4 F: b5 j/ o+ g1 NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">现在不是都在强调以民为本，为人民服务么) k3 U+ p) G& A4 H' `- |
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/ f W, d& O: X) Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这一思想的文化渊源，就是德治、仁政思想。德是孔子所说的君子之道吗？& V' A* J$ I; k! v% o1 w
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3 H& X/ V+ D( Y& gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的。为政者之德，还要突出以身作则，正人先正己，为下属作出表率。2 O/ v1 Q0 _) N( U& [
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2 [/ E& J# c7 u u+ Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">基本赞同。孔子所说4 r5 m4 s; K: L1 h8 b: wmso-font-kerning:0pt">"2 a8 F$ c4 @% i2 C/ Q' U
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3 E" W! t. h8 fTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">以礼仪道德，民治而心服. X7 B) v1 O3 U) [- |! x- E0pt"> 2 z* ~ U8 `* u9 e& W/ H- z) i' T! ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">人性本恶。人性本善，礼仪道德，天下大和。人性本恶，礼仪道德，与虎谋皮啊3 g; I/ `0 F% m" F- j
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( Q! e9 K1 q, A/ BTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">政令刑法重在社会上的约束，讲究实效，不遵守即被处罚，道德教化重在精神上、舆论上的约束，不遵守会被谴责和孤立，但不是收到立竿见影的实质处罚' f2 ?# F( ^* Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我觉得现在很多人被大众观念里的道德观绑架了，就出现了所谓的装和假/ H( y1 b3 Z) D
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& `7 a, S' M9 ]' d8 f: B ^Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">儒学是以伦理道德思想为特质的观念体系，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的显著特征之一。儒学是以礼乐文明为中心的文化系统，这是它区别于世界上其他文明的又一显著特征。现在确有一些人认为，道德修养方面的问题是, _" {' T+ f, H1 f
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& l$ @$ V6 L$ gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，没有必要小题大做。这种认识是十分错误和有害的。# a. U$ g0 ]. }mso-font-kerning:0pt">“: c2 o _$ t6 t$ I7 ]! }+ D- u) ^$ W
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) s& ?1 h; X8 V, b; S" S2 g+ gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，少数人走上违法犯罪道路，往往是从道德品质上出问题开始的。没有职业操守，就不可能做到爱岗敬业。我们培养敬业精神，一定要紧紧抓住加强道德修养这个重点。
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