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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, & D: W) C% N1 k4 i& e( B: _4 l$ X宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, 5 s9 q) ~2 c) T6 @; R* i6 `
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"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, + J: e1 e" b- J$ [宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,, ~, _3 o' o3 n/ g6 Dfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# A8 W/ P2 C* r
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 7 ]5 K% I% J- e6 R# G, W* k- s9 K宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, . ]+ y8 A1 A/ B ]& s
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
# I. l8 `, U: W( v) a6 \$ |, R& a6 O5 C# u: U- [3 B$ G& @
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, - W) ~, w; t1 k, x6 |宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, 9 i3 i2 s" R# ?0 t9 i$ K7 yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 T& ^ X" z: F( B3 R7 f
"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 9 d" r% {! ~ j' U% S9 ?mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 2 ^* S; U1 S0 m& P& K9 Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 1 n6 A. w" k" m. ^0 ~8 ?. j
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
# i2 o+ e+ ?1 w4 ]"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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; L) G c9 a2 Z e& Fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, . r A; W; |, V* U( j6 B8 Q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ & @2 x5 q* @) I) c4 `
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” ! t T) s* X8 }1 K* s
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ , l: x, Z: q8 `, q7 q9 ~5 |: U1 ?. K
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 6 \% K8 v) e+ |; M9 Z5 I4 R( ^宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, / I4 o v2 G n+ d% ?" B5 S
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"Times New Roman"">前者为因, , F( \! z& D5 o; ~4 y& t" m) nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 0 h( I% ?2 ?* [' ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:; X9 |) p* m. l K
"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, h5 Q E6 H; A5 C- h# k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, g0 ~, r; k( e0 g: Lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:- r5 y) b9 g5 w- d
"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 2 d0 s# a- ^5 D
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 0 M9 \) ]5 ]% V( {6 b+ P1 tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
9 D- W) U+ n! a9 b. P"Times New Roman"">“ 9 f3 C" m7 f# r U
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? : n! i( k$ G4 W$ N8 ^宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” . l. y2 K2 X2 t0 _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, " B/ c' u; q+ Q
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! G1 k$ `" t3 ]) G5 w' y( ?"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
4 }1 A; T A0 {/ }' Q2 M' Q3 T4 j& C2 T' z+ o2 ] P B+ s6 @( r. @mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 1 O7 v4 i W' E宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万人口的大兴安岭地区每天只有一趟进省城的火车, * s; V8 f. d/ l! K
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. D+ p# Z! O; r& F"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,& [1 F( @* X( f* w+ k- X) F& k$ x
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 1 |! X' k3 M" m& afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( d A( K( d8 B6 V" h0 H' Y, E G
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, # N9 s2 W3 C% M- X9 b1 }mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 G# U- W; l R0 x# g. h; E mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里/ z' M# M. a1 D# ~1 h
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 2 z, p, j: ^* @& Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(' y# B% Q3 w/ i: v9 l( j+ s: _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), " m/ S% H' l7 Q( o- D6 f2 h
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"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用- K7 |% ]8 G" d* A* R" h+ X
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, 4 B2 \8 p$ V: u% h
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
; P, z4 T4 I' H6 y+ b"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, 8 L4 f+ O6 _5 h, K: B, nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!3 N# L4 G* f0 w+ R宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 9 ^$ z, q, `1 q. `$ n) R" w
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- _* [0 [. O# D5 |7 I+ S' e% Y: j"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: " A9 w3 x( y0 E" ^7 Smso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, ' T T6 h ]$ @, ]宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, 8 x4 n: N# u# Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 U9 x' T7 g2 a; \; O# B' d
"Times New Roman"">“ . ]# _. |3 R3 J) r0 G5 _ h
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”+ N0 O2 V7 }/ j4 Z7 |
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
8 z/ `- Y8 A' B' s5 J"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, , u% R' D6 }. a" ^
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, ! {* K- u1 t* T$ `6 r6 u宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, # d4 J9 w. n6 a, m
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"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ : s8 D- T f4 N* Ymso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” * t) i. f. G2 Z* Z8 U宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。 5 C9 F! e5 |# E% h2 ?
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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& Z0 n/ T: P$ L6 W) _) I j$ ^8 n6 p. l) t" m" g1 ~mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, 0 X9 i0 F5 Z) z7 h
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, % r3 X V2 d5 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
8 g8 |4 t, @# @4 J) v"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
$ w+ [; I& u6 }) t& N! G! _8 }5 Omso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, / l( t; d% I) h, i1 z7 _ K
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# u8 V9 n9 f7 F1 |0 r- f5 t }* b
"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,2 v0 T4 M- X# M! r U. A7 A1 ~0 i
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, % H a3 q1 b% ^0 Q+ N2 e, x
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, N* M3 ]1 B( B4 H2 ?; ^% @"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题0 G3 } T/ @ I4 i: L" _
12.0pt">: p5 w( h# m; ?* o2 ~/ p+ r"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: ; z$ V& X* \* w, e- Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 r0 H# Q. b' G- J2 {
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才0 v2 i+ s6 f1 a# y& u
12.0pt">, " q) L4 Q4 |. B5 ` v; P; f"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, ) Z3 o* N; h: `$ gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 u0 g$ Y0 n* @5 q* v; x
"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 0 i9 D5 T% q5 g: l, \) l7 m. [mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, " Z& o2 X0 Y( H' ]4 B9 ~宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, 6 i, D2 A7 f- B3 ]5 _2 g% [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ x! C, `2 Z' H# H$ J/ I
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题2 A5 w$ I. ]& Z: u7 s12.0pt">; 8 Y' }3 i. E v+ u/ A"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, `8 a, O" y* d2 l# Ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" c' s2 [9 u( n" H/ b& B& g$ S
"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求* ?6 R' i: s1 J$ Z9 u2 N' t
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"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; $ z$ \& z8 J0 e0 t$ m2 @$ _
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' r% ]9 E |; g3 \( ?8 `, Y% J; y"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, 1 v5 \, R7 e: X( M: Q1 j; Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, & {) V* k E0 k% J+ N- hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:( h2 M6 F4 \. ]; j9 @0 T( r# M
"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统0 L. e/ a+ P# P% P! J/ }! N: j12.0pt">:
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ ( o7 d- w& f+ W# }2 _/ j
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一发” 7 L$ k" }& |6 I) |
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">总分关系、先总后分、先分后总,
( [8 G0 n. y8 E* h) S' ^* k9 H6 E: v; r1 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:. k3 @) n3 B! j: v. Y' k* E- U
"Times New Roman"">思路在总分关系中结构 # Q4 s; ~( ^$ u" g
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, " i( V: w# g' }$ k9 R7 efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& x% t* a1 _2 V: D"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, , d! w1 Q6 Q3 p
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, 7 X0 }" q9 z0 ]0 e+ j, sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:+ {; g# S- ~- n. n
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, ( `* N% W' s9 ^6 f7 j) ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 N/ }% o* I1 }8 d6 K: R& N"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, + U) I# F$ O6 P) Hmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, , v+ ^& V! F0 O h9 X3 c/ u( @2 V( H
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: & b; |7 ]! F* ]$ P4 C* Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
! r5 J! B& t8 T# m5 W$ D"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, 5 m, \. u! @1 Z" O0 Q, r
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, - c. R F4 S W
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 Q2 `7 `2 y0 W4 N$ m"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, 8 @. Y: y% F P# |4 N1 O/ c宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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4 `8 Z4 c/ N. g, xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,' h8 t" B" a, c7 {; ^
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:6 D/ B4 {, Z- T3 q& }1 p
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定& z0 p" U' ~* S, G9 D* p5 T12.0pt">, + m; O/ s8 F4 B5 z `. q; U, ]
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, . n, Z& Z# \/ x5 W9 r( e( q/ i
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
! [: R2 z F2 {"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:) q' v% A9 L9 l5 u, U
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, & \7 t# c% i# i+ q
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, # E+ t4 D+ y. _
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. e4 G( X& B% f"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, 6 \" U P6 ?4 {8 |mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, 7 R$ I# d! g3 h+ T0 Y
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9 ]5 e8 N& d! Q W; P"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: " H: ?# k5 F9 t- Q9 y4 x宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 5 L$ d5 K1 g l8 q7 o$ Y' A9 e' A
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, ; Y$ n0 I3 y7 Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* a& D* p9 h/ _9 B2 O3 B5 R+ S
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
