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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网" k" V$ h" C- A) J% x- Q0 m! }mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ' S. G w0 d: c5 s3 }1 b' i, z3 Y5 vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
Q, u1 A) z9 g9 Q5 g& g: W5 Qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。+ [+ D# u1 J) ~/ j/ y% W0 y, i7 {
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5 L" k0 e2 G, Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：# S# N3 D- f/ `* R% Z: ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第* z, a# `& G# X Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">56 {8 W) ^6 q# t% I, @+ Zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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/ |2 h) h C% b4 v' pmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：* _7 r; ^5 \& h; u C
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' b8 k, [" C2 o0 a' d( ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：- y6 e2 Q: a7 O; B2 I6 E# @- }
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" ]* r/ l$ E! S! p4 rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。8 G. w! @" p8 S2 q* z
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：6 y6 x' c4 W# W0 T
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- |( w) Y) @1 j3 D" T0 e5 g" t9 @* Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？" ^9 O9 G+ a9 ~# r& Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">”& g: y o% V3 l! J9 |9 t/ f# }
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( a" Z; K3 y. d# K7 qmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：7 f( P; [3 ]" b! ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 Y6 S% O* R( J
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。. K' g3 B* e& i4 a3 F. K2 T
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。$ ?$ u1 ?, C2 i& R: i( w6 ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：( |9 C; d! x; C4 G10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 V. t$ a$ i" w& ^7 E8 O. |6 F
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6 O$ x- t7 R; c8 O+ c/ u5 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。% Q4 x9 K0 u1 B% ?" D
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8 s+ j j2 }5 J; R: G6 S. Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：0 Z: M5 r) V6 l7 v! v0pt">"1 m/ P( \7 M F; U7 E5 R: U
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。+ j7 E8 m5 J. g. W. C4 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 }6 w0 Q* ] G6 Z* j4 U2 m
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：; f6 p) J! \! I& ?$ r+ |) S) ?mso-font-kerning:0pt">"2 a1 z1 d; _( r4 }; r# U
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, H9 _* g, [9 f, D+ Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢1 I- o) X- ]( e6 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" / s2 h5 S7 s0 R* ]) Q9 z
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：2 ^6 a: T: r# s. ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 x& F$ T& D" ?2 k$ N% ~6 E x- bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 X6 a, ^$ n( |! cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。' I" O+ k; t8 h7 umso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是/ s+ ^ u- o; L o4 | q- y8 h
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7 Y8 @% q& z: e7 ?% kmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得& p R$ {! a- J+ y, ^+ imso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 f9 V! W/ I3 h. u1 c2 r
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9 Q, S' k ~& _* i: vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲3 k% n+ L' E( M( ?( M. Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' G. _* }3 F3 M) \
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$ t6 ~: i- p) \. Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，! @% ^3 Y f2 @1 c8 N$ u& Y
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; V7 ^9 h1 N/ S. {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ \( h: |. Y N# l! P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。, m+ F1 i- E" a9 O0 [6 U; w$ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？0 H9 t9 S" }" m* {10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义' F+ i; |; h9 | m3 G
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% o8 U- w3 [9 ^8 hTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！- j$ H/ ^9 a$ u* T4 {7 smso-font-kerning:0pt">——3 k- ?6 d- c) ~- \2 E( Y. x4 Q2 {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。, K% u( @" G" ~mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述+ l3 O6 ?) x( E0 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊, q4 k+ S( m( p4 X+ Fmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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' G. [+ B; Y* N- FTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。% e( i+ j( m% m! Q |9 O
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孝经
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1 Q% i- [- w& ~3 f+ TTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：! @$ @! p" b h
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0 g3 o& n! F9 F& w" ~( Y6 ?" d) gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。, I8 P% y9 x8 E9 ^: h; r
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2 k# X" Y; M5 h) Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。3 C: r5 L6 a8 R1 A" @1 X9 L5 {. zmso-font-kerning:0pt">——0 W; i) k# o* s r: k6 i+ a
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3 h% {7 e U: x4 C' t' tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：1 N& j5 Z1 b/ ~, z8 A
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+ O5 o% u% ~6 z+ ^* q2 l! B6 Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。% h3 ?) p7 ~: A+ P4 gmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; h+ ]/ X! ~$ [
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
" ?. `' S% E- Q- dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个( c/ g" _% p- w3 u) V# rmso-font-kerning:0pt">“9 c$ x; l1 [8 T6 S( C$ X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬! G% D+ c% s+ X' P0 [+ xmso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 X0 R% `. B; o: k, K) G" Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% h T% ^- { K/ Q& S/ }! `! y
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为7 Y C3 _7 p' m& m) }
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道! G5 ^( a; c1 P2 J! Smso-font-kerning:0pt">”/ H0 R4 I& t# f
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% T7 e' x6 `! `$ z- d& e rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。 t3 f. g3 s* K
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9 j. H* Z/ w( @Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">舍得：4 U* Q( g- S' i6 V' R
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8 ~+ s/ R4 d# B( @; Q3 Q: f6 gTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的. Q" {3 ]9 U; U. U# x1 |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思7 B: J4 X% j2 }0 ^) O4 @mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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