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( N# `& h* P7 m; c! H% n, umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, & g2 }% U# `! O. _# g r4 c1 w4 T% X宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">应有较强的思想哲理性, & S/ ?3 q6 K7 d+ X' P& u! V4 P5 e
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
2 n3 Z# \1 s4 ]$ g: ^' C; ~"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, & z- W$ z( y) @7 W7 B宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,2 W* Y- N) R! ]6 c
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"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">结构, 5 c. _0 f* r* U' K8 b5 H, k宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是文章内容得以完美反映的表现手段, K/ P, x* l# ^
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"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, 1 n+ I2 E3 B! _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, . w. t! b' P) s) T% lfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ e& x/ o/ ]# n S: Y+ s( b- s"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, 9 D5 g, E* p! e+ ], L! {
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 2 L$ o" q+ s F: n1 r
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果关系、由因揭果、由果溯因,
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) G4 _ k% U: ^8 m/ W"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, , k& X! Z: G5 N7 j0 }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果联系最常见。“ 1 ^8 U3 g, r; S1 A
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">安全正点” % \+ Q. }+ `8 v: t: Q+ |" k
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">与“ ( Y2 j% K3 Y) }& K, ?宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” 0 ~# Y" {. M: W2 t! Y2 d
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, : {* s0 x1 a/ ^( U* N
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"Times New Roman"">前者为因, 2 H6 ?- R) i7 B7 {9 a% G- Wmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 2 b- F: J0 A! \' tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" H7 h! B5 ~2 J* t+ m/ \"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,
: \- `8 I8 ?0 E' k- t. ~6 N7 G- @mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, - N6 Y8 a R' W: j7 k# ?8 H
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, * \( p) y# }" U
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" C! S3 {( @; ], |"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, # B* q0 m Y+ l: v# w& g
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: 7 k! F+ Z- N3 y8 Rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 F' l# Z) Y( b6 r: e
"Times New Roman"">“ " H# t( T& {2 X; p+ m9 l& c/ q6 C: Q
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? . t4 A6 B+ }3 M7 N0 O1 U X
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” ! M8 k* L0 n0 K) r ?& F) a
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, T* C3 k- ]' O# | u2 [9 x
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' a" j0 F& K" q* P e! D7 z4 l2 `"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:
3 L1 H" ?" B) A( N! u: p6 V. j0 [0 p2 r7 P0 Zmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。 0 e# T H( D* D0 S% y! g- |
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在40 ' F6 i x+ t+ E- R$ t, d% {
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"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
4 v& @7 ?. c) `0 Z+ y+ N c/ S5 J/ ]. ^mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, 4 ^4 M6 C! H- Q- b
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( U: j* B9 a8 o6 p- x' y* K"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, 0 F5 Q) Q% M( h. ^% ^
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 4 z1 S) |# Q0 D% g/ L mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里" y, F/ W2 A7 emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 & b2 E- e3 C- C* n \
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), ; J8 g9 b# t% ?; M5 x- G
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9 T4 |7 X( G8 Y3 Q2 M8 m"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用6 b+ d0 a. A0 F( \% x; z$ O( ^
12.0pt">, & i, o0 \" R8 j) T"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, ! c& U: {7 `3 h: F- S2 ^
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+ w Y0 F. v. Z$ P9 X4 T"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, + [) i( \7 a* u8 r: d+ K* x6 Kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!. {; i% \( O0 ^/ V& g$ k& Z- P
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, + C5 p/ G. E; j* `- l7 X+ S. ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 A; V: B# w& [: x3 b* o1 r& L
"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: ' l/ R9 a" y2 L, t9 w( lmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, 1 E$ r- M! I$ i2 _. c0 i; u& D
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, ) H5 N8 p& d2 [7 D+ ?0 C8 W4 [
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"Times New Roman"">“ / q( A6 } |! W3 E3 b H" `mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”! n; J4 }' a' Q
12.0pt"> m. I5 H: ^" S0 ["Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。 # {$ R! c$ k- }4 p' X
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, 2 w" D3 W9 ~" E5 d8 ]0 b
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. q. X/ w: W% u. r2 M; T0 H% ]$ p. |"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 7 J: u# E5 ?2 W x3 m: P
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, ! J, F) C& G! G宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, % z5 ` X) i, f# E0 k' Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:" q4 a* C% k, O0 F$ a) u
"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ 6 m- x: B( c* Gmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” ! v% z6 N( r- L+ F& j) r宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。 & i2 ]0 o" L8 h+ h, W3 C
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: ^6 v! k( E3 E8 v) e ^4 n+ T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,+ y" s5 C* b& ~( G
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构
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$ K: P8 X: H) v' ?5 a/ c"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,. Q' ~7 N: V# M' Q: W
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 4 E* D2 h7 H: r- Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
4 h7 v: g% e# V8 q5 `4 s"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章,5 w9 a! f1 o {& i宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, 4 B0 b/ z. f' C
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"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题1 `' W8 D R9 v
12.0pt">: / `# h9 E1 }; [/ a& d"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: 8 o g0 \4 V. z1 ?font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:4 Z; Y' y4 O" c
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才; I4 | h( b# R/ L2 @0 a
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"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; 0 ?& O: e: r5 k! G( Y; \) o( n/ Z
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, ) P" ^& q% z, d4 h) P* A3 M Y
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"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题) ]7 u. N$ S3 m8 Q i12.0pt">; 4 t1 Q: t) o" ^. i- j. @* `) i"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, 7 S. O. M4 N7 A' T, F# {font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
$ I' s0 v. t4 D" l8 X$ c6 o"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求; ]6 B2 [0 ?6 W12.0pt">: 3 L9 s: k- H+ }! m
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; . u/ U8 J( p: ?6 c C0 q& p$ e& o$ jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
, A& S% H; F8 Y# G"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, % J* ~5 q4 G" j2 S9 o0 f
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 9 e3 e2 h M7 [% r/ d$ {% d4 ?
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
* G/ c( R# w* U# T+ x"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统' G0 q4 W: C. E; N12.0pt">:
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕 $ O( y7 Z/ @ S
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman""> - Z. j2 W4 [) [) v& ?' \5 y" u宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& d( k, B. s+ o z$ \"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, ' W W+ ^( V' W2 s$ T
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, ; J/ E ]; T) Q4 D) ]# [+ yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:4 C4 C( h" h/ \7 x1 M
"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
7 J, k8 }3 a- f* c4 v/ `; f6 v- B7 ^0 v) Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, # S5 N3 P6 i, \9 ?( wfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ z! k/ z1 [( J: s) Y/ m
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, 5 Y' H3 \. f: V, U& r" amso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, " L) V" f8 W9 ~4 ` l宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: ( O" @8 ~" e8 X: D* w: C
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ E* z$ w( ^$ a7 n1 S/ g& ^
"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, 6 [% H4 u2 q* E* g6 n# }mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 3 S7 l) z" p- U9 Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:3 v4 i. e9 A& Q9 n
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, & }! x" e5 Q% T# A+ d
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。 ) ~- l4 ~1 v: p# `$ L3 ]
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8 z8 E1 X) L5 _& {; O% Z' B M7 |( X# n0 v6 Z9 F7 pmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,; \, ]7 W) K( t7 e* I) Nfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:, \0 Z) X' f4 b" \# `. {
"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定0 B# h7 @, P2 V( \6 P12.0pt">, / ?8 Y3 ?9 i2 V
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, 2 f7 B5 \- o Z( z3 N6 X E+ ~
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:2 X- F1 x! i% y1 `4 K" S
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:6 }% f1 R9 l4 Nmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, # Y. n' H5 H: w4 M宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, / b$ V1 `7 q. A& A) F8 A0 v
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
% y0 p( v; p( W" t$ ~; W. l# e/ T% `"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, , Q; `4 e. i6 I6 Kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, E* p6 s8 A' g, A: b
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:/ N, C/ \! ~6 b; I1 G! K f- A/ N
"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: 7 |* i9 I0 u/ {( L/ N; e& k
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ % L! `+ l C& w, U+ `宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, - V/ ]6 _1 T5 @+ B; _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:7 K. n) h' h P, m% N
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
