今日下午,《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课,我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块,也期待大家积极参与。这里,老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下:
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: ] n$ w+ y9 q6 KTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好,星期一下午有事未到,让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午,我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第. Q# Z+ v8 f) {6 b. ? Q+ bmso-font-kerning:0pt">2; }6 d ?7 q! M* ?, r7 o
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0 X$ @* j3 j p( d' amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰:2 J* W2 H0 ?- f# `' r
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" M- a; n6 h& h4 C" q4 {mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:思无邪。4 p. m. P1 C2 v6 l. W- I x5 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">" 8 y3 _0 s; a7 f' m3 k
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5 t6 l2 x5 z: j* l8 Z7 L/ F6 cTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百:《诗经》实有三百零五篇,三百只是举其整数。. P9 G A" P7 N) A1 i! T7 M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">:概括。思无邪:《诗经0 i3 C8 h# @7 ?8 z) w& S
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词,孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪:纯正,没有邪念。4 @/ } v. Z9 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇,用一句话来概括它,就是1 F) i+ G$ X( ?0pt">‘( o& A2 i" l7 O( f/ f; LTahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;& [0 i3 K! R: b' k
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问:孔子为什么极为重视诗教?6 L0 K |* e) G
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答:本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过,吾道一以贯之,指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神,读书学习,重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之,就是一以贯之的意思,7 {2 C; \$ ^* `5 _: \
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8 b3 Q' V8 g& H9 s1 D% }0 B, amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。; Z) t+ k! \7 {
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+ g7 i, ]/ v. G7 k+ D; \mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐3 ?! \' G, q3 ^# S, E
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》),兴于诗,强调诗的教育之重要,所兴的是人的情感。立于礼,礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐,乐教的目的是使这种4 t: y: p' \ m# `
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的( \$ H+ W1 q# o4 W9 Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& k: H& E a9 s! L' Jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
% E f: Q% @ \% _5 [# }9 `2 p# L! mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐) G: O; O9 y) b7 j$ d. ]mso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 t/ [+ y$ e: q6 \5 R3 m% afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 H- F. j; h% A) I9 s, u6 V% i
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等,诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁,孔子认为,就教化的功能而言,6 f* z8 ~" R3 c2 xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. q$ }6 ?, b6 i8 _6 V3 O% c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。7 H. s6 L4 K' rmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集,经孔子删订,收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌8 F' O6 [0 q" F2 R0 m2 _# Imso-font-kerning:0pt">3053 q# d3 ^7 |1 c' h) D5 r
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4 P1 T$ [& y! R& u) Gmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗: P1 ^1 h, c0 i! Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! y0 y3 d, @, K u$ Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, U/ }( ]8 E& t, u6 Xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用,他说:2 U7 ]3 {4 y I' dmso-font-kerning:0pt">“ K6 ?% b$ ]$ S+ C3 S" W
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5 S: j" S E, ~, k7 \8 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗,无以言。* L' @/ K6 g- G+ T) w0 bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”' X6 D! Q+ x/ F: j
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》)% B9 ^9 B; k7 ^/ r" x# H9 Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ ^9 o: c) a4 {
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# l# h1 Q7 K0 H* Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗,可以兴,可以观,可以群,可以怨。迩之事父,远之事君;多识于鸟兽草木之名。4 o) _7 X3 m, c" J9 N
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4 j) B" L# S$ n' e2 j; a. ^* mmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》)由此可见,孔子重视《诗经》的教育,一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识,二是通过, d4 ~8 |1 R5 k1 Z5 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨3 a# o$ ]+ S& k- H" a+ Y* ]7 h1 jmso-font-kerning:0pt">”! A3 B5 a2 Z4 S2 F7 Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;: Y2 |2 ?: ]; @ L# `6 \$ Q
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操,并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育,使人' \5 d: x2 V. l3 Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">“# [% s- X4 M( N. C3 ~% a$ S& S
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百,一言以蔽之,曰:思无邪。- }/ {$ X/ p* |" O' y Nmso-font-kerning:0pt">"/ ^9 X6 l0 P* p, [' Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, D6 R5 N) y. g, O/ r' P
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解:诗歌三百篇,用一句话来掩盖,就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女,女想男,教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊,就说,人家的思想是很纯洁的。% `/ T6 |4 ?! f1 h8 _# V) T+ X/ {
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, s7 ?3 S; L1 q& {( u1 b6 R$ NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇,用一句话来掩盖,就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女,女想男,教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊,就说,人家的思想是很纯洁的。2 t; X% O& U& F/ B. \mso-font-kerning:0pt">——. D8 @2 j9 o) y E& ~font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品,那时的社会风气是开化的,孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变,是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”) v! _4 [( Z* H$ {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于# r4 n5 X6 L& m1 D2 C- S; u1 ?1 N
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7 ]' F* f1 Z9 p6 e/ ]8 kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致,培养想象力;所谓8 q+ m4 Q+ q! W# n6 e A6 mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& ~5 L9 U X6 P
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& w3 Y. ]9 Z) l9 [mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物,提高观察力;所谓' f" \2 Y) h' J4 y, _, N4 ^" U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群* o+ V* p# r+ l! D4 }7 Y0 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">”: V1 y4 p# r3 H& o$ n9 z( ~+ \" |
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& D3 \3 C4 @7 `* Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">,就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情,提高在群体中生活的能力;所谓7 z; Q8 i/ \$ [/ [
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3 R2 \/ v& |/ C. ]9 b/ Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》),恰到好处,合乎中道。总之,学诗可以使人 N) A4 x. b" d9 q4 t) Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 `, }1 u7 N1 R$ Q5 Tfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;$ V& K' E- n% n8 |5 T
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, H$ _( N6 I8 ~: rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊,大家看看习总的语言风格,文学素养深厚,值得学习。
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