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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网6 S E5 K2 {( K' p/ y9 L! @mso-font-kerning:0pt">QQ: I: Y+ j9 T0 B' r9 p1 s: ]
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。2 S0 k8 [# Q5 t6 z) A% Kmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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* t, _4 z# c: d9 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：8 M' r/ a% G" xmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第0 W8 L% ~! T# R5 _- m
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# S7 b) p5 y- f6 Imso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：# K+ a8 p7 {7 pmso-font-kerning:0pt">“2 D4 X6 H, q& X9 W/ P6 _/ H
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' F, j& L6 Y7 Q z' ymso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。; u4 K+ a+ ?& c. `3 w8 Umso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 _2 x4 \) G; p9 C. zmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;$ u3 k4 k# H w# \1 G
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：& y) p% d" Z* c, h3 h" v
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& ^, s" m* D& |) b6 V7 y0 x( {6 }, u& ] l$ qmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。7 V7 s6 P- d; K z2 i
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：, a/ i& ~$ O/ q$ A* ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 l2 w7 X- q! [: R+ X3 Gmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;0 J. {" P2 p$ i9 N9 j S
mso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？! D# |4 `, J6 R- G+ P4 k1 I( W2 R7 L
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+ U# Y) N* C3 P! @. s; r; ~8 Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：. `- T$ J4 A. V$ @! D' |mso-font-kerning:0pt">“4 \+ u: W0 |, E/ Imso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
: u* K. ^/ u- s7 J% [. W( ~. M( T5 U; qmso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。 c4 U7 u3 B& P( V, Gcolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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! j j* E( x# n) q* V% b; [0 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。& P( U3 K) ]+ c7 r* _
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, x* u ]& z) C: w8 c! V$ wmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：# b& n: A5 Y* G' S10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 p- G5 p1 w- ?$ lmso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
$ k1 Q+ @; j( m. `5 imso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。2 a) h- |4 D, P10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”( Q; L- W7 N( _1 g
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2 w& e X# n3 p- U' m* V Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：# |* E1 r( S1 g! C
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。6 x! d( p6 B1 j2 t5 [+ kmso-font-kerning:0pt">"# d% P1 R I- T1 s; g3 m7 M! L
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: B. }4 ^$ P/ U6 xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：0 e0 g: N8 E1 y p5 U
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢: @$ u! B1 @! o, F$ Y4 X, omso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 4 N& o6 H3 ^, W0 n" V7 afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 [3 u( Z/ y* U q' d
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：$ ]. g5 w. e! a" `) ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。* i1 |# ^! \3 y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是# [7 y5 i. p2 a9 x* p2 p10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ ?& N9 y- A+ ? N; @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;/ e7 C9 w6 N7 m* y4 u7 S
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3 ?$ ~3 U3 J3 _$ ~& ^+ y Lmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得- u) H! {5 x0 n/ O
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: ?9 {' b! {# D, `* J2 J( ~mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲: G" ~7 e' y+ f% W" _
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6 m) V! Y1 K' ?9 }" T- \; Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，3 b3 B7 u# \' v$ G" c* X u$ q
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/ e5 j2 f$ H+ ~ xmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。2 g8 F- @7 Y5 w0 `% d/ D
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3 n7 Q8 z. o( _) O9 J+ Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。% O4 X8 X& z% L% i8 x4 F! q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：为什么说以礼事亲才是孝？* h& U1 }$ b# B/ w; _1 O C
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。4 O# a9 m4 I: T: G' k' H. u( t
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义1 }5 n7 c$ [1 B2 R8 b$ c( P
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B( E3 P) `; o/ ?$ oTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！( P2 u) g5 y* @
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- a) Y" `& _: S9 h& ~' e: Z4 ^% U. Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。& v( i6 q y: e' ^$ Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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3 f) B: J( i$ R1 W- X8 GTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述# P- }4 V# n! c4 ?* m4 X( D2 V Umso-font-kerning:0pt">2+ B; n* g I" `: q
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7 ?' |- t' H5 Dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊( W' r5 i/ M2 v [mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。9 i2 i$ y* O! I& p/ F0 x# X
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孝经
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* v9 O- k; a" C: G( a! kTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。. h3 [$ l& U, t3 I5 {" F: t
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。1 W) J4 G; C( T2 A' c: k5 fmso-font-kerning:0pt">——5 H! L! e$ D8 s! C9 `4 q% ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：" z) c, I) q- ~
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( o$ P1 B. j8 X2 }" r0 d3 lmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。. h s2 ~5 [" _9 q$ q4 E5 H0 X; I
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1 u1 p3 s# [7 V- o% V$ ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个% N2 F2 b0 P# g7 y h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬8 L7 H) R) G2 ~4 q5 g+ E
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为; G. d# o3 \5 T: }; h' amso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 [* I4 O4 x+ I# D- K6 Z. bfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 u r0 m) y. T8 b( H+ s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">要道% H9 l" x N6 f( j4 a: k8 Y, Imso-font-kerning:0pt">”+ I5 p! U; @/ H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。" v4 }/ Z; F: v, c
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的; O) ~# E$ o5 A4 {
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# p* ?, w6 P; S" H3 F# b- \/ e7 Q& q5 Tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思7 R% E$ O, ]8 m: c3 umso-font-kerning:0pt">
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