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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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1 j: c/ ]6 S4 |. w+ E% g7 K% wTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：# O6 O, O5 ?2 O; x( g7 u- \0pt">
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/ M) y7 t7 x# N3 a" i B# @. o; sTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第 D, I: _9 T: z# ~' m' |! tmso-font-kerning:0pt">29 u, Q, ?. c Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 H' i1 R: w; q- ?& f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：' i4 v1 H u' Y1 J9 _1 I! |mso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 u# d) S, Y6 z/ I& l! Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; b+ `- K7 E& c# p- L1 z
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。9 ?4 W! Y/ g1 i+ emso-font-kerning:0pt">"
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。' b& f0 Z- n+ g2 R4 e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经% C ^8 O" k& i7 D) Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">•7 V3 g4 G! ]! f3 M. w: U* \5 x' ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。5 n/ A* ]& `# Y$ z
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7 D; }* B/ k Q5 |4 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是; P8 A. G% c; f/ T& t0pt">‘3 J0 Q5 G# Y& a2 Q
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">思想纯正。1 |8 I, }( o7 D; a7 X
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/ s) q9 W3 a! L4 G4 L9 rTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？. Z7 t4 P$ A4 F9 M; P3 a; Z6 A
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，- W e& ?; J3 J! k3 @& Cmso-font-kerning:0pt">"0 [; s* J7 z% P2 I
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1 b/ C, ?# r, W% z, k9 Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪( P1 E9 }* P* [mso-font-kerning:0pt">"* T! o7 T3 s7 K3 U1 P" Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 N) |- Q. W5 A' J' I Wmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。5 y. t7 y" U. ?7 p3 @
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7 X& y7 w: a- r7 o) s6 U/ \' e; zmso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐7 V" e8 S+ y- g8 O/ |7 K0 ^
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! L: d( C6 y# X- _7 M( Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 K8 H9 N$ P+ [% l) g) W8 I* i' {
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种- K: I2 ^! P J* ^2 d( n& Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的. f) F5 _1 m3 U, imso-font-kerning:0pt">“& j" y* R8 l" \font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* {/ H0 R; Q; _7 I
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐# G: K9 A+ V( k' l$ ~0 G9 C# i
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，' J( Z( f K! P+ ?3 p G! N0 D- {mso-font-kerning:0pt">“' m* \- I) R) Z6 B
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! c9 a4 z2 M2 C* Z: s- s% nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">乐教( b1 y5 { U# ^0 q- B+ I- o
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~$ p# }1 C( w2 M6 N# u$ q; Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。' H+ x/ b4 ~( _1 I& O( cmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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6 C2 p5 w; \% Z! NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌4 R( }) x7 R q% x' pmso-font-kerning:0pt">305: V- k% }8 S( R( u0 a9 A* o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视7 d9 g/ M, ?0 w9 U! Q' cmso-font-kerning:0pt">“" L, a a7 b! J% b4 ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;, e0 l: O, b U# I' s% m) h
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗) d9 I* j2 s Emso-font-kerning:0pt">”0 H# U. s, j, q. F# ?$ P7 k5 R
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：* T" z6 B5 [& ^6 y4 g# xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 \8 J9 w- W% z$ S: ~! o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。) X1 ~1 d" M- i( vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”" ?$ Z0 f f0 d; V$ ufont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;5 m# J7 X1 e# O8 w6 L
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语9 Y& ^$ ]" n3 ^2 s' |* a
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3 o' a4 b/ h( \8 c( Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）/ p v, l- ?+ Y" C9 t# W; jmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 f2 i% @/ O& x- b/ B' B4 g
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。, s6 A1 p5 g* }/ c( C7 r* B
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1 V0 U/ b- c; t$ T6 o4 ]/ \; Kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语% y& y8 M3 O2 _0 D- c% `mso-font-kerning:0pt">•5 Z% U) V# o+ s6 p% t$ ?
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& y/ S. m' a! O8 u: Y: ]9 qmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过$ l# P( ^: ]2 l: l% W5 v, @
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2 @) v! g Y5 n* J6 j; ~8 Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨# g; i0 x4 |- T' ~; u
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人- _9 U ]& f, i- imso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 m* {9 K/ P3 u }5 i7 M Pfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- L; ]' u: T3 Z3 F* Q5 B9 Z, n
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪: ^; _5 M! _1 I+ v% N1 c/ omso-font-kerning:0pt">”# {1 z3 u' n: Z) @; Yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;" w- L" T& m* T6 |
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。+ S v, h9 r; Q3 g; ^5 x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。+ S- g& U4 Y% n9 C4 r5 X4 y1 _- }mso-font-kerning:0pt">"6 O$ { {" N& h( a7 Efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;# e3 E% ?4 t$ i' [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。! `% q+ t* H3 u
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" u9 X% N- ]; Y4 `$ d, R6 R+ |( mTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。3 {4 L; q. ]) D& d
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃% N3 m/ p* }9 n5 y1 p: @( vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“$ V. A) T8 F+ P% Y: afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;% H4 j( m4 F! O( t7 L* P# [
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">歪批4 ^9 n X* N2 Y1 L- B
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”. s, |. q# l7 L* dmso-font-kerning:0pt">——' ~# D6 i# q0 }# z. q1 }2 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。 o0 x3 w, r5 B7 k4 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。1 L9 o; m7 |- [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于2 V# r f1 m+ g" o, y& t5 j& kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“7 B/ ~" k: R( x
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5 ^$ ~' O- h$ g. o5 Hmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">观1 A1 ~* x* x- k" \1 wmso-font-kerning:0pt">”. `7 ~" v' B; m9 f9 Z
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9 T M! j3 D5 q# U! I+ ^mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群. O3 k) ?. v6 [, @! B7 d: e
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨/ j# g0 s: i8 l( u @
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) Z# q- P' M4 G( Z5 K- O5 l* Nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓- n. c- o2 L4 Y: xmso-font-kerning:0pt">“' h0 `* e1 y& f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓$ \; ~9 A2 I. Omso-font-kerning:0pt">“" _% V( Z! W' d/ [3 C7 @
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9 J$ q! v6 X4 _ i( Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓! x* i u# d5 k0 w
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓6 [# {3 L4 M$ ~9 ]8 U9 n! M: qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 Y5 }2 ?1 u% a: a9 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨& g$ x! L1 j! X, v! F s bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”2 e5 i( u' I$ Gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 ?! |) }3 A% Y" }5 Zmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼; e4 J5 V) S! g1 W8 m' O2 n
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语- @& \2 s& f+ k: Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">.' m# B- _5 w$ a: d c: ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能* d3 G1 K( i/ g( _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“0 O# O3 A9 a" w4 N( f zfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
3 }3 _' ?: N: Umso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒4 c9 L1 _7 I8 @1 i3 j5 Bmso-font-kerning:0pt">”; X9 v. l. q6 w3 m# \& h! V$ Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;4 ^; }1 T! P- ~) r: {! V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《朱熹 p8 D0 v4 P3 y( xmso-font-kerning:0pt">.0 U4 q i+ y& p4 |7 c/ Ofont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;! Y! |& H! w9 `/ t
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人2 d% Y- b: h# r6 v2 H- Smso-font-kerning:0pt">“8 B2 V9 c V) M; ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;6 j! q; Z" O2 t% T
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪- K& n( j$ ~; V# B, y# I
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+ ^6 \( I4 E: V ?% I& ^" r7 smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">为政》），遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。1 x+ u; n4 O1 a" }; x
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。* z8 a" f* D" b9 z) u/ u8 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">% h0 G" @* z- ]- \, Q/ afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;. l4 P" N7 j" Y* s
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">咱是粗人一个，供拍砖用 T6 s0 P- o; }8 W# Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">  , x, `* U2 [+ u3 z3 efont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
1 M+ J4 t% p- t5 u: i0 Cmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">啊! X( D# R' {5 i0 o9 f6 d, `8 J
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& ]" k" {( A% H" j) L+ ATahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">智者见智，淫者见淫。有道理( v4 t/ P$ r4 R# y5 R0pt"> 7 o4 m* ?3 I. j1 x# m! W9 A7 [, f
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。3 B) Q& {6 Z9 M. _+ M8 L: S! ]mso-font-kerning:0pt"> ' S; h5 m/ h, y; {' }. r1 c9 w) H9 M) H
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是的，不但文稿晦暗，而且说服力弱3 Q6 d% o# M5 T G/ m4 O$ F7 ^
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Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">求觉迷者：; g$ i: g4 _3 v+ v( z2 U" V
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧! ?3 \9 I4 C3 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 6 o; i/ l4 i& [' m# d7 H X/ r% G) I
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300x180 AD
